Ghrelin Receptors Enhance Fat Taste Responsiveness in Female Mice

Calder, Ashley; Yu, Tian; Dahir, Naima; Sun, Yuxiang; Gilbertson, Timothy A.

doi:10.3390/nu13041045

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…To determine if HuFF cells were able to recapitulate the transduction pathway for PUFAs that has been well established in mouse primary taste cells, we performed a series of experiments using ratiometric calcium imaging focusing on response to linoleic acid, the prototypical PUFA stimulus. Similar to responses shown in rodents [ 29 , 30 ], HuFF cells showed a robust rise in intracellular calcium in a dose-dependent manner in response to a series of LA concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 µM ( Figure 4 A). To compare across cells from different preparations, the area under the curve for each response was determined and normalized relative to the response to 30 µM LA in the same cell.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Adiponectin Enhances Fatty Acid Signaling in Human Taste Cells by Increasing Surface Expression of CD36

Lin

Liu

Rudeski-Rohr

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Adiponectin, a key metabolic hormone, is secreted into the circulation by fat cells where it enhances insulin sensitivity and stimulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Adiponectin receptors are highly expressed in the taste system; however, their effects and mechanisms of action in the modulation of gustatory function remain unclear. We utilized an immortalized human fungiform taste cell line (HuFF) to investigate the effect of AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor agonist, on fatty acid-induced calcium responses. We showed that the fat taste receptors (CD36 and GPR120) and taste signaling molecules (Gα-gust, PLCβ2, and TRPM5) were expressed in HuFF cells. Calcium imaging studies showed that linoleic acid induced a dose-dependent calcium response in HuFF cells, and it was significantly reduced by the antagonists of CD36, GPR120, PLCβ2, and TRPM5. AdipoRon administration enhanced HuFF cell responses to fatty acids but not to a mixture of sweet, bitter, and umami tastants. This enhancement was inhibited by an irreversible CD36 antagonist and by an AMPK inhibitor but was not affected by a GPR120 antagonist. AdipoRon increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and the translocation of CD36 to the cell surface, which was eliminated by blocking AMPK. These results indicate that AdipoRon acts to increase cell surface CD36 in HuFF cells to selectively enhance their responses to fatty acids. This, in turn, is consistent with the ability of adiponectin receptor activity to alter taste cues associated with dietary fat intake.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Adiponectin Enhances Fatty Acid Signaling in Human Taste Cells by Increasing Surface Expression of CD36

Lin

Liu

Rudeski-Rohr

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Results showed that ghrelin receptor signaling was not involved in fat-conditioned flavor preferences ( 215 ). A recent paper by Calder et al ( 92 ) also found that male ghrelin receptor Ghsr knockouts ( Ghsr -/-) mice did not display a reduced aversion to LA following conditioned taste aversion. However, Ghsr -/- females showed a reduction in LA taste responsiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A systematic review of the biological mediators of fat taste and smell

Jaime-Lara

Brooks

Vizioli

et al. 2023

Physiological Reviews

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Taste and smell play a key role in our ability to perceive foods. Overconsumption of highly palatable energy-dense foods can lead to increased caloric intake and obesity. Thus there is growing interest in the study of the biological mediators of fat taste and associated olfaction as potential targets for pharmacologic and nutritional interventions in the context of obesity and health. The number of studies examining mechanisms underlying fat taste and smell has grown rapidly in the last 5 years. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to summarize emerging evidence examining the biological mechanisms of fat taste and smell. A literature search was conducted of studies published in English between 2014 and 2021 in adult humans and animal models. Database searches were conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science for key terms including fat/lipid, taste, and olfaction. Initially, 4,062 articles were identified through database searches, and a total of 84 relevant articles met inclusion and exclusion criteria and are included in this review. Existing literature suggests that there are several proteins integral to fat chemosensation, including cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) and G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). This systematic review will discuss these proteins and the signal transduction pathways involved in fat detection. We also review neural circuits, key brain regions, ingestive cues, postingestive signals, and genetic polymorphism that play a role in fat perception and consumption. Finally, we discuss the role of fat taste and smell in the context of eating behavior and obesity.

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“…This suggests that as the years pass after menopause, following the loss of estrogen signaling, women are less responsive to the chemical cues in dietary fats, which may lead to eating more and putting on more weight than before menopause [8]. Menopausal changes are also associated with notable changes in levels of ghrelin [33]; the decreases in ghrelin observed in animal studies were also associated with decreased fat taste sensitivity [34][35][36]. On the other hand, Delilbasi et al pointed out that the common oral discomfort of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) experienced by postmenopausal women may lead to chemosensory dysfunction and worsened food choices [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Fat Taste Sensitivity, Eating Habits, and Metabolic Health in Menopausal Women

et al. 2021

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The aim of our study was to evaluate the associations between sensitivity to fat taste, eating habits and BMI value in a sample of menopausal Polish women. In a population of 95 women, fat taste thresholds with oleic acid were determined, allowing us to classify each woman as a hypersensitive or hyposensitive taster. Eating habits were assessed using a validated KomPAN questionnaire for food frequency. Dietary intake was evaluated based on a food diary. Selected biochemical parameters were measured using a Konelab20i biochemical analyzer. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were also measured. Twenty-two menopausal women were classified as hyposensitive to fat taste and 73 as hypersensitive. The hyposensitive tasters were significantly older (p = 0.006), with the majority of them (92%) being postmenopausal (p < 0.001); this group had significantly higher BMI values (p < 0.001) and other adiposity indicators compared to their hypersensitive counterparts. The hyposensitive tasters had higher blood pressure (systolic blood pressure; SBP p = 0.030; diastolic blood pressure; DBP p = 0.003), glucose (p = 0.011) and triacylglycerols levels than the hypersensitive tasters (p = 0.031). Almost half of them had diagnosed metabolic syndrome. Daily eating occasions were associated with low oral fatty acid sensitivity, irrespective of age (p = 0.041) and BMI value (p = 0.028). There were also significant associations between frequency of consumption of meats and eggs, as well as snacks and fast foods and low oral fatty acid sensitivity before adjustment for potential confounders (both associations p < 0.05), which remained after adjustment for age (both associations p < 0.05), but not after adjustment for BMI. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher BMI value (p = 0.003), along with postmenopausal status (p = 0.003), were associated with low fat taste sensitivity irrespective of age and consumed percentage energy from fat. Postmenopausal status and BMI are associated with low fat taste sensitivity. Fat hyposensitivity may also play a role in eating habits, leading to increased eating occasions and favoring certain types of food. These eating habits may determine increased body weight and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in mid-life women, especially those who have undergone menopause and have been exposed to the physiological changes which are conducive to these relationships.

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Ghrelin Receptors Enhance Fat Taste Responsiveness in Female Mice

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Adiponectin Enhances Fatty Acid Signaling in Human Taste Cells by Increasing Surface Expression of CD36

Adiponectin Enhances Fatty Acid Signaling in Human Taste Cells by Increasing Surface Expression of CD36

A systematic review of the biological mediators of fat taste and smell

The Association between Fat Taste Sensitivity, Eating Habits, and Metabolic Health in Menopausal Women

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