Ghrelin infused into the dorsomedial hypothalamus of male mice increases food intake and adiposity.

Hyland, Lindsay; Park, Subin; Abdelaziz, Yosra; Abizaid, Alfonso

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112882

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The administration of ghrelin to either normal or diabetic rats did not significantly increase body weight gain when compared to their corresponding controls. Although it was initially assumed that ghrelin induces body weight gain by stimulating the urge to take food [49,50], the ability of ghrelin to induce body weight gain is not universal. The availability of genetic models to test different metabolic effects of ghrelin has indeed cast doubt on this assumption [51].…”

Section: Body Weight Gain Blood Glucose and Glucose Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous Ghrelin Increases Plasma Insulin Level in Diabetic Rats

et al. 2020

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Ghrelin, a 28-amino acid peptide, is a strong growth hormone secretagogue and a regulator of food intake. In addition, ghrelin is thought to play a role in insulin secretion and in glucose homeostasis. A lot of contradictory data have been reported in the literature regarding the co-localization of ghrelin with other hormones in the islet of Langerhans, its role in insulin secretion and attenuation of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigate the effect of chronic ghrelin treatment on glucose, body weight and insulin level in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. We have also examined the distribution pattern and co-localization of ghrelin with insulin in pancreatic islet cells using immunohistochemistry and immune-electron microscopy and the ability of ghrelin to stimulate insulin release from the CRL11065 beta cell line. Control, non-diabetic groups received intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, while treated groups received intraperitoneal injection of 5 µg/kg body weight of ghrelin (amino acid chain 24–51) on a daily basis for a duration of four weeks. Our results show that the administration of ghrelin increases the number of insulin-secreting beta cells and serum insulin level in both normal and diabetic rats. We also demonstrated that ghrelin co-localizes with insulin in pancreatic islet cells and that the pattern of ghrelin distribution is altered after the onset of diabetes. Moreover, ghrelin at a dose of 10−6 M and 10−12 M increased insulin release from the CRL11065 beta cell line. In summary, ghrelin co-localizes with insulin in the secretory granules of pancreatic beta cells and enhances insulin production.

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Section: Body Weight Gain Blood Glucose and Glucose Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous Ghrelin Increases Plasma Insulin Level in Diabetic Rats

et al. 2020

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“…The VMN contains many neural populations with different functions, such as promoting glucose utilization, restraining hepatic glucose production during normal blood glucose levels, and stimulating peripheral glucose uptake ( 28 , 29 ). The DMH is implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis, playing an important role in food intake and body weight ( 30 ). The LH has an essential role in the control of feeding behavior and metabolism, and it is also important in reward and reinforcement processes ( 31 , 32 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association study between hypothalamic functional connectivity, early nutrition, and glucose levels in healthy children aged 6 years: The COGNIS study follow-up

et al. 2022

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Breastfeeding (BF) is the gold standard in infant nutrition; knowing how it influences brain connectivity would help understand the mechanisms involved, which would help close the nutritional gap between infant formulas and breast milk. We analyzed potential long-term differences depending on the diet with an experimental infant formula (EF), compared to a standard infant formula (SF) or breastfeeding (BF) during the first 18 months of life on children's hypothalamic functional connectivity (FC) assessed at 6 years old. A total of 62 children participating in the COGNIS randomized clinical trial (Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02094547) were included in this study. They were randomized to receive an SF (n = 22) or a bioactive nutrient-enriched EF (n = 20). BF children were also included as a control study group (BF: n = 20). Brain function was evaluated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and mean glucose levels were collected through a 24-h continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device at 6 years old. Furthermore, nutrient intake was also analyzed during the first 18 months of life and at 6 years old through 3-day dietary intake records. Groups fed with EF and BF showed lower FC between the medial hypothalamus (MH) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in comparison with SF-fed children. Moreover, the BF children group showed lower FC between the MH and the left putamen extending to the middle insula, and higher FC between the MH and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) compared to the EF-fed children group. These areas are key regions within the salience network, which is involved in processing salience stimuli, eating motivation, and hedonic-driven desire to consume food. Indeed, current higher connectivity found on the MH-IFG network in the BF group was associated with lower simple sugars acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDRs) at 6 months of age. Regarding linoleic acid intake at 12 months old, a negative association with this network (MH-IFG) only in the BF group was found. In addition, BF children showed lower mean glucose levels compared to SF-fed children at 6 years old. Our results may point out a possible relationship between diet during the first 18 months of life and inclined proclivity for hedonic eating later in life.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT02094547.

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“…Ghrelin is a polypeptide comprising 28 amino acids that can regulate animal food intake through central regulation or peripheral stimulation (Song et al 2019;Abtahi et al 2017). Studies have demonstrated that central or peripheral injections of Ghrelin can stimulate mammalian food intake and weight gain (Hyland et al 2020;Lee et al 2017;Okuhara et al 2018). However, in poultry, Ghrelin's role is not consistent with the results in mammals (Zhang et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exogenous Ghrelin on Feeding, Drinking and Growth Hormone Secretion in African Ostrich Chicks

Sun

Wang

et al. 2022

IJAR

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Background: Ghrelin is widely distributed in an animal’s body, playing important biological roles. In mammals, Ghrelin can stimulate food intake and weight gain, but in poultry, it inhibits food intake and drinking. We aimed to determine the effect of Ghrelin on feeding, drinking, body weight and growth hormone (GH) content of African ostrich chicks. Methods: Sixteen 40-day-old African ostrich chicks were randomly divided into four groups and injected intravenously with saline (control) or Ghrelin (10, 50 and 100 µg/kg) for 7 days. The feeding, drinking and growth hormone (GH) levels using measurement method and radioimmunoassay were determined. Result: The results show that exogenous Ghrelin increased the feed intake rate, the drinking rate and the secretion of GH in the ostriches.

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Ghrelin infused into the dorsomedial hypothalamus of male mice increases food intake and adiposity.

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Exogenous Ghrelin Increases Plasma Insulin Level in Diabetic Rats

Exogenous Ghrelin Increases Plasma Insulin Level in Diabetic Rats

Association study between hypothalamic functional connectivity, early nutrition, and glucose levels in healthy children aged 6 years: The COGNIS study follow-up

Effects of Exogenous Ghrelin on Feeding, Drinking and Growth Hormone Secretion in African Ostrich Chicks

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