Ghrelin enhances cue-induced bar pressing for high fat food

St-Onge, Veronique; Watts, A.; Abizaid, Alfonso

doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.11.005

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…GHSRs are densely expressed in many feeding and reward-related neural substrates [94, 95] and studies have shown that ghrelin acts within the limbic and mesolimbic reward systems [e.g., ventral tegmental area (VTA), nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and amygdala] to express a myriad of ingestive and food-motivated behaviors [96–100]. For example, direct ghrelin administration to either the VTA or NAcc increases food intake, whereas motivated responding for food reward is increased following VTA (but not NAcc) ghrelin delivery [98, 99].…”

Section: Cns Regulation: Hippocampal Control Of Ghrelin-mediated Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin: A link between memory and ingestive behavior

Hsu

Suarez

Kanoski

2016

Physiology & Behavior

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Feeding is a highly complex behavior that is influenced by learned associations between external and internal cues. The type of excessive feeding behavior contributing to obesity onset and metabolic deficit may be based, in part, on conditioned appetitive and ingestive behaviors that occur in response to environmental and/or interoceptive cues associated with palatable food. Therefore, there is a critical need to understand the neurobiology underlying learned aspects of feeding behavior. The stomach-derived “hunger” hormone, ghrelin, stimulates appetite and food intake and may function as an important biological substrate linking mnemonic processes with feeding control. The current review highlights data supporting a role for ghrelin in mediating the cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms that underlie conditioned feeding behavior. We discuss the role of learning and memory on food intake control (with a particular focus on hippocampal-dependent memory processes) and provide an overview of conditioned cephalic endocrine responses. A neurobiological framework is provided through which conditioned cephalic ghrelin secretion signals in neurons in the hippocampus, which then engage orexigenic neural circuitry in the lateral hypothalamus to express learned feeding behavior.

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Section: Cns Regulation: Hippocampal Control Of Ghrelin-mediated Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin: A link between memory and ingestive behavior

Hsu

Suarez

Kanoski

2016

Physiology & Behavior

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“…Similarly, alcohol consumption [27,28], acute smoking [29,30] and drug use [31,32] have been shown to increase ghrelin levels. Ghrelin is referred to as hunger hormone, however, it is more likely an anticipation hormone which concentration changes according to the expected meal schedule or the presentation of food leading to meal initiation [33][34][35][36][37]. This mechanism of ghrelin concentration regulation is impaired in obese, anorexic and bulimic individuals [38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual stimulation with food pictures in the regulation of hunger hormones and nutrient deposition, a potential contributor to the obesity crisis

et al. 2020

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Food cues affect hunger and nutritional choices. Omnipresent stimulation with palatable food contributes to the epidemics of obesity. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of food cues on appetite-related hormones and to assess the functionality of the secreted hormones on macronutrient uptake in healthy subjects. Additionally, we aimed at verifying differences in the response of total and active ghrelin to stimulation with food pictures and to a meal followed by the stimulation. We were also interested in the identification of factors contributing to response to food cues. We recruited healthy, non-obese participants for two independent cross-over studies. During the first study, the subjects were presented random non-food pictures on the first day and pictures of foods on the second day of the study. Throughout the second study, following the picture session, the participants were additionally asked to drink a milkshake. Concentrations of blood glucose, triglycerides and hunger-related hormones were measured. The results showed that concentrations of several hormones measured in the blood are interdependent. In the case of ghrelin and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) as well as ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), this cooccurrence relies on the visual cues. Regulation of total ghrelin concentration following food stimulation is highly individual and responders showed upregulated total ghrelin, while the concentration of active ghrelin decreases following a meal. Protein content and colour intensity of food pictures reversely correlated with participants' rating of the pictures. We conclude that observation of food pictures influences the concentration of several appetiterelated hormones. The close link of visual clues to physiological responses is likely of clinical relevance. Additionally, the protein content of displayed foods and green colour intensity in pictures may serve as a predictor of subjective attractiveness of the presented meal.

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“…There are several other factors that can potentially alter conditioned appetitive responses -such as certain genetic polymorphisms (Klucken et al, 2015;Klucken et al, 2013), gender (Klucken et al, 2009), and dieting status (Astur et al, 2015). Of note, the current studies have not addressed influences of differential states in explaining individual variability in responding -for example, food deprivation may potentiate conditioned appetitive responses (e.g., through elevated ghrelin levels; Astur et al, 2014;St-Onge, Watts, & Abizaid, 2016; see also Robinson & Berridge, 2013), as might selective restriction of e.g. chocolate (Polivy, Coleman, & Herman, 2005).…”

Section: Individual Differences In Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 90%

Learned desires

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Ghrelin enhances cue-induced bar pressing for high fat food

Cited by 35 publications

References 66 publications

Ghrelin: A link between memory and ingestive behavior

Ghrelin: A link between memory and ingestive behavior

Visual stimulation with food pictures in the regulation of hunger hormones and nutrient deposition, a potential contributor to the obesity crisis

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