Ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide 1 concentrations, 24-h satiety, and energy and substrate metabolism during a high-protein diet and measured in a respiration chamber

Lejeune, M.P.G.M.; Westerterp, Klaas R.; Adam, Tanja C.; Luscombe-Marsh, Natalie D.; Westerterp-Plantenga, Margriet S.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/83.1.89

Cited by 291 publications

(271 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The limitations of this study design include the lack of chronic efficacy data beyond two weekly infusions; namely, body composition (lean body mass, fat mass (Theander-Carrillo et al, 2006)), objective subconscious locomotive motor and physical activity (Jaszberenyi et al, 2006), energy expenditure measurements (Lejeune et al, 2006), and gastrointestinal motility (Binn et al, 2006;Blom et al, 2006). Our results on dose responsiveness may be influenced by unbalanced groups: UD patients had more metastases, greater weight loss, lower dietary intake, more early satiety, and were closer to death.…”

Section: Intravenous Ghrelin For Cancer Anorexia/cachexia F Strasser mentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of intravenous ghrelin for cancer-related anorexia/cachexia: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-crossover study

Strasser¹,

et al. 2008

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Twenty-one adult patients were randomised to receive ghrelin on days 1 and 8 and placebo on days 4 and 11 or vice versa, given intravenously over a 60-min period before lunch: 10 received 2 mg kg À1 (lower-dose) ghrelin; 11 received 8 mg kg À1 (upper-dose) ghrelin. Active and total ghrelin, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels were monitored at baseline (4 -5 days before day 1), during treatment days, and at end of study (day 17/18). Drug-related adverse events (assessed by NCI-CTC-toxicity criteria and cardiac examination) did not differ between ghrelin and placebo. No grade 3/4 toxicity or stimulation of tumour growth was observed. The peak increase of GH, a biological marker of ghrelin action, was 25 ng ml À1 with lower-dose and 42 ng ml À1 with upper-dose ghrelin. Morning fasting total ghrelin levels were higher (Po0.05) for upper-dose patients at end of study (3580 pg ml À1 ) than at baseline (990 pg ml À1 ). Insulin-like growth factor 1 levels did not change. At day 8, 81% of patients preferred ghrelin to placebo as against 63% at the end of study. Nutritional intake and eating-related symptoms, measured to explore preliminary efficacy, did not differ between ghrelin and placebo. Ghrelin is well tolerated and safe in patients with advanced cancer. For safety, tolerance, and patients' preference for treatment, no difference was observed between the lower-and upper-dose group.

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Section: Intravenous Ghrelin For Cancer Anorexia/cachexia F Strasser mentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of intravenous ghrelin for cancer-related anorexia/cachexia: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-crossover study

Strasser¹,

et al. 2008

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“…1 Therefore, it is imperative to find a treatment that affects different short-and long-term mechanisms. We suggest that an elevated protein intake may serve this purpose because of its: (i) increased satiety effect despite similar or lower energy intake; 2,3 (ii) contribution to storage of fat-free…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary protein, metabolism, and body-weight regulation: dose–response effects

et al. 2006

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Body-weight management requires a multifactorial approach. Recent findings suggest that an elevated protein intake seems to play a key role herein, through (i) increased satiety related to increased diet-induced thermogenesis; (ii) its effect on thermogenesis; (iii) body composition; and (iv) decreased energy-efficiency, all of which are related to protein metabolism. Supported by these mechanisms, relatively larger weight loss and subsequent stronger body-weight maintenance have been observed. Increased insulin sensitivity may appear, but it is unclear whether this is due to weight loss or type of diet. The phenomenon of increased satiety is utilized in reduced energy-intake diets, mainly in the ad libitum condition, whereby sustained satiety is achieved with sustained absolute protein intake in grams, despite lower energy intake. Elevated thermogenesis and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) appear to play a role in high-protein induced satiety. Under conditions of weight maintenance, a high-protein diet shows a reduced energy efficiency related to the body composition of the body weight regained, that is, in favor of fat-free mass. Indeed, during body-weight loss, as well as during weight regain, a high-protein diet preserves or increases fat-free mass and reduces fat mass and improves the metabolic profile. In the short-term this may be supported by a positive protein and a negative fat balance, through increased fat oxidation. As protein intake is studied under various states of energy balance, absolute and relative protein intake needs to be discriminated. In absolute grams, a normal protein diet becomes a relatively high-protein diet in negative energy balance and at weight maintenance. Therefore, 'high protein negative energy balance diets' aim to keep the grams of proteins ingested at the same level as consumed at energy balance, despite lower energy intakes.

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“…HP diets increase satiety response, which has been attributed to increased hormone concentrations, including glucagon like peptide-1 and cholecystokinin that are known to curb appetite (Liddle et al, 1986;Backus et al, 1995;Lejeune et al, 2006). The exact mechanisms by which satiety is reached and the hormone interactions that occur are still unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovariohysterectomy alters body composition and adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression in cats fed a high-protein or moderate-protein diet

Vester

Sutter

Keel

et al. 2009

Animal

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The objective of this study was to measure changes in body composition, physical activity and adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression of cats fed a high-protein (HP) diet or moderate-protein (MP) diet, following ovariohysterectomy. Eight cats were randomized onto HP or MP diets and were fed those diets for several months prior to baseline. All cats underwent an ovariohysterectomy at baseline (week 0) and were allowed ad libitum access to dietary treatments for 24 weeks. Food intake was measured daily, and BW and body condition score were measured weekly. Blood, adipose and skeletal muscle tissue samples were collected, physical activity was measured, and body composition was determined using DEXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) at weeks 0, 12 and 24. Caloric intake increased soon after ovariohysterectomy, resulting in increased ( P , 0.05) BW at weeks 12 and 24 compared to week 0. Body condition score and body fat percentage increased ( P , 0.05) over time. Blood glucose increased ( P , 0.05) linearly over time. Non-esterified fatty acids were decreased ( P , 0.05) at weeks 12 and 24 compared to week 0. Blood leptin increased ( P , 0.05) over time. Total physical activity decreased ( P , 0.05) from week 0 to weeks 12 and 24 in all cats. Adipose tissue mRNA abundance of adiponectin, hormone sensitive lipase, toll-like receptor-4, uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) and vascular endothelial growth factor decreased ( P , 0.05) linearly over time, regardless of diet. Skeletal muscle mRNA abundance for glucose transporter-1, hormone sensitive lipase and UCP2 were decreased ( P , 0.05), regardless of dietary treatment. Our research noted metabolic changes following ovariohysterectomy that are in agreement with gene expression changes pertaining to lipid metabolism. Feeding cats ad libitum after ovariohysterectomy is inadvisable.

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Ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide 1 concentrations, 24-h satiety, and energy and substrate metabolism during a high-protein diet and measured in a respiration chamber

Abstract: An HP diet, compared with an AP diet, fed at energy balance for 4 d increased 24-h satiety, thermogenesis, sleeping metabolic rate, protein balance, and fat oxidation. Satiety was related to protein intake, and incidentally to ghrelin and GLP-1 concentrations, only during the HP diet.

Cited by 291 publications

References 31 publications

Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of intravenous ghrelin for cancer-related anorexia/cachexia: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-crossover study

Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of intravenous ghrelin for cancer-related anorexia/cachexia: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-crossover study

Dietary protein, metabolism, and body-weight regulation: dose–response effects

Ovariohysterectomy alters body composition and adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression in cats fed a high-protein or moderate-protein diet

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