Ghrelin and Cardiovascular Diseases

Zhang, Gaigai; Yin, Xinhua; Qi, Yongfen; Pendyala, Lakshmana; Chen, Jack; Hou, Dongming; Tang, Chao-shu

doi:10.2174/157340310790231662

Cited by 68 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Direct vascular effects have been documented, in addition to insulin [21], for gonadal steroids [22], for hormones like leptin [23] and ghrelin [24], and for a number of bioactive proteins secreted by adipose tissue and skeletal muscles termed "adipokines" and "myokines", respectively [25]. In the context of diabetic endothelial pathophysiology, the cardiovascular properties of insulin and adiponectin (Ad) are perhaps the most relevant in terms of current and perspective therapeutic approaches [26].…”

Section: Endothelial Dysfunction and Metaflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting endothelial metaflammation to counteract diabesity cardiovascular risk: Current and perspective therapeutic options

Potenza

Nacci

Salvia

et al. 2017

Pharmacological Research

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Abstract:The association of obesity and diabetes, termed "diabesity", defines a combination of primarily metabolic disorders with insulin resistance as the underlying common pathophysiology. Cardiovascular disorders associated with diabesity represent the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. This makes diabesity, with its rising impacts on both health and economics, one of the most challenging biomedical and social threats of present century. The emerging comprehension of the genes whose alteration confers inter-individual differences on risk factors for diabetes or obesity, together with the potential role of genetically determined variants on mechanisms controlling responsiveness, effectiveness and safety of anti-diabetic therapy underlines the need of additional knowledge on molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of diabesity. Endothelial cell dysfunction, resulting from the unbalanced production of endothelialderived vascular mediators, is known to be present at the earliest stages of insulin resistance and obesity, and may precede the clinical diagnosis of diabetes by several years. Once considered as a mere consequence of metabolic abnormalities, it is now clear that endothelial dysfunctional activity may play a pivotal role in the progression of diabesity. In the vicious circle where vascular defects and metabolic disturbances worsen and reinforce each other, a low-grade, chronic, and 'cold' inflammation (metaflammation) has been suggested to serve as the pathophysiological link that binds endothelial and metabolic dysfunctions. In this paradigm, it is important to consider how traditional antidiabetic treatments (specifically addressing metabolic dysregulation) may directly impact on inflammatory processes or cardiovascular function. Indeed, not all drugs currently available to treat diabetes possess the same anti-inflammatory potential, or target endothelial cell function equally. Perspective strategies pointing at reducing metaflammation or directly addressing endothelial dysfunction may disclose beneficial consequences on metabolic regulation. This review focuses on existing and potential new approaches ameliorating endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation in the context of diabesity.

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Section: Endothelial Dysfunction and Metaflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting endothelial metaflammation to counteract diabesity cardiovascular risk: Current and perspective therapeutic options

Potenza

Nacci

Salvia

et al. 2017

Pharmacological Research

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“…23 This wide distribution of GHS-R1a indicates that the ghrelin and synthetic GHS possess broader functions beyond the control of GH release and food intake. 24 and a neuroprotective role in neurodegenerative diseases (e.g.,…”

Section: Ghrelin Receptors and Their Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin – Physiological Functions and Regulation

Abdalla

2015

European Endocrinology

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Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide predominantly secreted from the stomach and stimulates appetite and growth hormone (GH) release.Studies have provided evidence that ghrelin exercises a wide range of functions, including regulation of food intake and energy metabolism, modulation of cardiovascular function, stimulation of osteoblast proliferation and bone formation and stimulation of neurogenesis and myogenesis. In the gastrointestinal system, ghrelin affects multiple functions, including secretion of gastric acid, gastric motility and pancreatic protein output. Most of these functions have been attributed to the actions of acylated ghrelin. The balance among its secretion rate, degradation rate and clearance rate determines the circulating level of ghrelin. This review explains what ghrelin is, its physiological functions and the factors that influence its level. KeywordsGhrelin, food intake, obesity, lipolysis, ghrelin receptors, regulation Disclosure: Mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla has no conflicts of interest to declare. Acknowledgement:A note of appreciation to Research Management Centre of MAHSA University, Malaysia for funding publication of this article.

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“…The ghrelin system is ubiquitously expressed and participates in the regulation of appetite, energy, bodyweight, metabolism of glucose and fat, as well as modulation of gastrointestinal function and cell proliferation or apoptosis (Zhang et al 2010;Kishimoto et al 2012). In addition, mounting experimental evidence suggests that ghrelin has a close relation- Control, no coronary artery diseases (n = 6); SAP, stable angina pectoris (n = 13); UAP, unstable angina pectoris (n = 12); AMI, acute myocardial infarction (n = 16).…”

Section: Decreased Serum Ghrelin Levels In Patients With Amimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…*P < 0.05 vs. AMI (data on admission). ship with the cardiovascular system (Zhang et al 2010;Kishimoto et al 2012). …”

Section: Decreased Serum Ghrelin Levels In Patients With Amimentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Serum Ghrelin Levels in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Matsumoto

Yasuda

Miyazaki

et al. 2013

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Ghrelin is a novel growth hormone-releasing peptide isolated from the stomach and possesses various cardioprotective effects, including energy balance improvement and regulation of autonomic nervous system activity. We investigated the changes in serum ghrelin levels and its association with cardiac function and myocardial infarct size in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Forty-seven consecutive patients were divided into the following 4 groups: 16 patients with AMI, 12 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), 13 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), and 6 control patients. Serum levels were measured with the ELISA kit. Compared to the control (72 ± 26 fmol/mL), SAP (69 ± 47 fmol/mL), and UAP (72 ± 31 fmol/mL) groups, serum ghrelin levels on admission were significantly lower in the AMI group (27 ± 12 fmol/mL, P < 0.01). After admission, the serum ghrelin level gradually increased (30 ± 15 fmol/mL on day 2 and 39 ± 18 fmol/mL on day 7) and became significantly higher on day 14 (49 ± 28 fmol/mL, P < 0.01), compared to the level on admission. In patients with AMI, the ratio of day 14 to admission serum ghrelin levels, an index of AMI-related acute changes in ghrelin, correlated positively with peak creatine phosphokinase levels (R = 0.72, P < 0.01) and the double products (R = 0.60, P < 0.01) and inversely with left ventricular ejection fraction (R = −0.53, P < 0.05). In conclusion, serum ghrelin levels are significantly decreased in association with myocardial infarct size and cardiac function.

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Ghrelin and Cardiovascular Diseases

Cited by 68 publications

References 69 publications

Targeting endothelial metaflammation to counteract diabesity cardiovascular risk: Current and perspective therapeutic options

Targeting endothelial metaflammation to counteract diabesity cardiovascular risk: Current and perspective therapeutic options

Ghrelin – Physiological Functions and Regulation

Decreased Serum Ghrelin Levels in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

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