Ghosts of the past: how drought legacy effects shape forest functioning and carbon cycling

Kannenberg, Steven A.; Schwalm, Christopher R.; Anderegg, William R. L.

doi:10.1111/ele.13485

Cited by 195 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 134 publications

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“…Empirical evidence indicates that the occurrence of drought years strongly reduces radial growth (Cavin & Jump, 2017;Kannenberg et al, 2019;Martínez-Vilalta et al, 2012;Serra-Maluquer et al, 2018;Zang et al, 2014). However, which individual traits and stand-level abiotic and biotic factors are related to these growth reductions is less clear (Kannenberg et al, 2020).…”

Section: Effects Of Structural and Functional Characteristics On Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of recurrent dry and wet years alter long‐term tree growth trajectories

et al. 2021

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Climate extremes, such as abnormally dry and wet conditions, generate abrupt shifts in tree growth, a situation which is expected to increase under predicted climate conditions. Thus, it is crucial to understand factors determining short‐ and long‐term tree performance in response to higher frequency and intensity of climate extremes. We evaluated how three successive droughts and wet years influenced short‐ and long‐term growth of six dominant Iberian tree species. Within species variation in growth response to repeated dry and wet years was evaluated as a function of individual traits related to resource and water use (diameter at breast height [DBH], wood density [WD] and specific leaf area [SLA]) and tree‐to‐tree competition across climatically contrasted populations. Furthermore, we assessed how short‐term accumulated impacts of the repeated dry and wet years influenced long‐term growth performance. All species showed strong short‐term growth decreases and enhancements due to repeated dry and wet years. However, patterns of accumulated growth decreases (AcGD) and enhancements (AcGE) across climatically contrasting populations were species‐specific. Furthermore, individual trait data were weakly associated with either AcGD or AcGE and the few relevant associations were found for conifers. Intraspecific variations in tree growth responses to repeated climates extremes were large, and not explained by intraspecific variability in SLA and WD. Accumulated impacts of repeated dry and wet years were related to long‐term growth trends, showing how the recurrence of climate extremes can determine growth trajectories. The relationships of AcGD and AcGE with long‐term growth trends were more common in conifers species. Synthesis. Repeated climate extremes do not only cause short‐term growth reductions and enhancements but also determine long‐term tree growth trajectories. This result shows how repeated droughts can lead to growth decline. Conifers were more susceptible to the accumulated effects of extreme weather events indicating that in the future, more intense and frequent climate extremes will alter growth performance in forests dominated by these species.

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Section: Effects Of Structural and Functional Characteristics On Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of recurrent dry and wet years alter long‐term tree growth trajectories

et al. 2021

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“…The effects of drought on GPP varied among dry events occurring in different years in a semi‐arid shrubland in northwestern China (Liu et al, 2019). Currently the mechanism by which plant trait diversity (e.g., water transport strategies) regulates the response of ecosystem carbon flux to drought events in different climatic regions remains unclear, impeding clarification of future impacts of climate change on ecosystem functions as well as simulation of feedback from the hydrological and carbon cycles on climate (Kannenberg et al, 2020; Merganicova et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Hydraulic Stress Strategy Improves Model Predictions of the Response of Gross Primary Productivity to Drought Across China

et al. 2020

JGR Atmospheres

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The response of the terrestrial carbon cycle to droughts, which have recently increased in incidence and severity, is a hot topic in research, but the role played by vegetation water use strategies remains unclear. Both the soil moisture stress (SMS) and plant hydraulic stress (PHS) strategies are used in land surface models, but their performance in simulating the terrestrial carbon cycle and its response to droughts in various climatic zones remains uncertain. In this study, we used Community Land Model Version 5 to simulate gross primary productivity (GPP) across four different climatic subregions of China during 2000-2015 to investigate the roles played by PHS and SMS in the response of GPP to dry events and dry or rainy years in various climate zones. Simulated GPP with the two strategies were overestimated by 2.0-2.3% for the entire China compared to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. GPP simulated using PHS configuration fit eddy covariance and MODIS data better than that obtained using SMS across China, except for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. PHS increased simulated GPP by 0.10-0.63 g C m −2 day −1 during dry events across different climatic regions because of root hydraulic lift but decreased GPP by 0.37-0.45 g C m −2 day −1 during growing season in the humid southeastern region because of high atmospheric vapor pressure deficit and root hydraulic descent. Simulations forced by data collected locally in China performed better than those forced by CRUNCEP7 global data at the site but worse at the regional scale, in particular for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

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“…It is found that the responses of carbon and water exchanges are quite distinguishing for forests and herbaceous plants. For the ecosystem modeling, the response of stomatal conductance under soil moisture stress has been addressed in previous studies (Wilson et al, 2000), but there still exists a deficiency to capture the impacts of water stress on carbon uptake (Keenan et al, 2009), which is partly due to the different responses across species. Incorporating physiological adaptations to drought in ecosystem modeling, especially for forests, would improve the simulation of the impact of drought on the terrestrial ecosystems.…”

Section: Potential Implications For Ecosystem Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid reduction in ecosystem productivity caused by flash droughts based on decade-long FLUXNET observations

Zhang

Yuan

2020

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. A flash drought is characterized by its rapid onset and arouses widespread concerns due to its devastating impacts on the environment and society without sufficient early warnings. The increasing frequency of soil moisture flash droughts in a warming climate highlights the importance of understanding its impact on terrestrial ecosystems. Previous studies investigated the vegetation dynamics during several extreme cases of flash drought, but there is no quantitative assessment on how fast the carbon fluxes respond to flash droughts based on decade-long records with different climates and vegetation conditions. Here we identify soil moisture flash drought events by considering decline rate of soil moisture and the drought persistency, and we detect the response of ecosystem carbon and water fluxes to a soil moisture flash drought during its onset and recovery stages based on observations at 29 FLUXNET stations from croplands to forests. Corresponding to the sharp decline in soil moisture and higher vapor pressure deficit (VPD), gross primary productivity (GPP) drops below its normal conditions in the first 16 d and decreases to its minimum within 24 d for more than 50 % of the 151 identified flash drought events, and savannas show highest sensitivity to flash drought. Water use efficiency increases for forests but decreases for cropland and savanna during the recovery stage of flash droughts. These results demonstrate the rapid responses of vegetation productivity and resistance of forest ecosystems to flash drought.

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Ghosts of the past: how drought legacy effects shape forest functioning and carbon cycling

Cited by 195 publications

References 134 publications

Impacts of recurrent dry and wet years alter long‐term tree growth trajectories

Impacts of recurrent dry and wet years alter long‐term tree growth trajectories

Plant Hydraulic Stress Strategy Improves Model Predictions of the Response of Gross Primary Productivity to Drought Across China

Rapid reduction in ecosystem productivity caused by flash droughts based on decade-long FLUXNET observations

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