Ghost cities of China: Identifying urban vacancy through social media data

Williams, Sarah; Xu, Wenfei; Tan, Shin Bin; Foster, Michael J.; Chen, Changping

doi:10.1016/j.cities.2019.05.006

Cited by 71 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Results indicated the average access time for the PAs as 1.56 h, which was 0.56 h longer than that of the national nature reserves of China (Xu et al, 2019). According to the standards issued by the National Bureau of Statistics in 2003, the study area was located in the NSTZ of central and western China, with the area of the western region accounting for 71.42%.…”

Section: Accessible Timementioning

confidence: 94%

“…To reflect the strength of socio-economic links between the PAs and their region, the shortest driving time from the administrative centre to the central point abstracted from each PA was calculated using Amap (Chinese MapQuest https://www.amap.com/) to represent the accessible time of each PA (Williams et al, 2019).…”

Section: Accessible Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the standards issued by the National Bureau of Statistics in 2003, the study area was located in the NSTZ of central and western China, with the area of the western region accounting for 71.42%. Due to factors such as the physical and geographic environment, and the density of social and economic development, the accessibility of PAs in western China has been found to be generally lower than in central and eastern regions of China (Xu et al, 2019). Regarding the level, although the number of provincial-level PAs (186) in the NSTZ was less than the national-level PAs (215), the average access time for the provincial-level PAs was 0.27 h less than that for national-level PAs.…”

Section: Accessible Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the only large-scale West-East ecological corridor of China, the NSTZ not only links the north and south of China, but also is the only large-scale ecological corridor of China (Ma et al, 2004). Due to lack of macro planning based on national ecosystem or resource-based service functions during the initial stage, problems such as uneven distribution of existing PAs in the NSTZ (Xu et al, 2019) and space vacancies became prominent (Huang et al, 2018). The results shows that, the development of protected area system in the NSTZ has the characteristic of 'strong in the west and weak in the east' in the west-east direction.…”

Section: Disequilibrium and Misalignment Characteristics Of The Pas Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By combining existing research, we selected five main types of PAs with the most complete system and highly recognised Chinese spatial scale (Li, 2019;Xu et al, 2019) (i.e. nature reserve (NR), scenic area (SA), forest park (FP), geological park (GP), and wetland park (WP)), and used national and provincial PAs in the transition zone as the research object.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Pattern and Development of Protected Areas in the North-south Transitional Zone of China

et al. 2021

Chin. Geogr. Sci.

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The north-south transitional zone in China mainly consists of the Qinling-Daba Mountains. It is the most important West-East geo-ecological space in China, containing protected areas vital for biodiversity conservation and ecological security of China. The protection and rational development of its natural habitat is of great significance to China's ecological security and integration of protected areas based on mountain forest ecosystems on a global scale. In this study, five important types of protected areas in the transitional zone were selected, and their spatial patterns were analysed. Spatial analysis methods, such as kernel density estimation and accessibility analysis, were employed for both point and areal data, and focused on four aspects: land use scale, shift in the centre of gravity, spatial agglomeration, and accessibility. In addition, policy background and evolution of spatial and temporal characteristics of the protected area system in the transitional zone from 1963 to 2017 were also examined. We analysed the characteristics and geographical significance of the West-east corridor using the spatial pattern of the protected area system from the perspective of ecological and economic spaces. We focused on spatial shape, type intersection, and key areas to analyse the spatial overlap of the protected areas. Protected area establishment was divided into three stages: initial (1956-1980), rapid development (1981-2013), and national park transformation (2014-present). These stages reflected the change in the concept of 'simple protection-sustainable use-integration and upgrade' for protected areas of China. The spatial centre of gravity of the protection zone system was located in the west Qinling-Daba Mountains, and its high-density core exhibited a relatively stable N-shaped structure composed of four gathering areas. Affected by factors such as geographic environment and socioeconomic development density, the average access time for protected areas was high (1.56 h); wetland parks and scenic areas are located closer to the city centre. As the West-east corridor in the transitional zone extends from west to east, there is a clear spatial dislocation between the development of protected areas and the intensity of human activities. During development, differentiated goal orientation should be adopted based on the idea of zoning and classified governance. With the advancement of the construction of protected areas, the spatial overlap of protected areas in the transition zone has become more prominent. At present, the spatially overlapped protected areas in the transitional zone remain prominent, with inclusion overlap being the most common, and forest parks exhibiting the highest probability of overlap with other protected areas, we should focus on in the integration process of the corridor-type ecological space based on the mountain forest ecosystem.

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Section: Accessible Timementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Accessible Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accessible Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disequilibrium and Misalignment Characteristics Of The Pas Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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