Getting to the heart of the matter: Role of<i>Streptococcus mutans</i>adhesin Cnm in systemic disease

Nobbs, Angela H.

doi:10.1080/21505594.2016.1212157

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Instead, effectors are translocated through covalent or non-covalent association with the Hcp–VgrG–PAAR complex 20 – 32 . Three effector translocation mechanisms have been proposed and identified: (i) buried inside the Hcp tube 23 ; (ii) fused either to VgrG 26 , 27 , 30 , PAAR 20 , 24 , 25 , 29 , or Hcp 21 ; (iii) binds directly or indirectly to VgrG 22 , 27 , 31 , 32 , or PAAR 28 . Thus far, all the effectors deployed by T6SS are presumably delivered as full-length proteins 14 , 33 , 34 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"RETRACTED ARTICLE: Vibrio parahaemolyticus RhsP represents a widespread group of pro-effectors for type VI secretion systems

Jiang¹,

Tang

Xie³

et al. 2018

Nat Commun

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Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) translocate effector proteins, such as Rhs toxins, to eukaryotic cells or prokaryotic competitors. All T6SS Rhs-type effectors characterized thus far contain a PAAR motif or a similar structure. Here, we describe a T6SS-dependent delivery mechanism for a subset of Rhs proteins that lack a PAAR motif. We show that the N-terminal Rhs domain of protein RhsP (or VP1517) from Vibrio parahaemolyticus inhibits the activity of the C-terminal DNase domain. Upon auto-proteolysis, the Rhs fragment remains inside the cells, and the C-terminal region interacts with PAAR2 and is secreted by T6SS2; therefore, RhsP acts as a pro-effector. Furthermore, we show that RhsP contributes to the control of certain “social cheaters” (opaR mutants). Genes encoding proteins with similar Rhs and PAAR-interacting domains, but diverse C-terminal regions, are widely distributed among Vibrio species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

"RETRACTED ARTICLE: Vibrio parahaemolyticus RhsP represents a widespread group of pro-effectors for type VI secretion systems

Jiang¹,

Tang

Xie³

et al. 2018

Nat Commun

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“…Reduced numbers of innate monocytes, NK and ILCs, consequently lead to poor innate and adaptive immune responses causing suboptimal response to infecting antigens [ 14 ]. Moreover, persistent inflammation and activation have been associated with fatal non-AIDS illnesses such as cardiovascular diseases, malignancies and organ damage among adults aging with HIV [ 83 – 85 ]. The high levels of inflammation and immune activation associated with chronic HIV disease, despite ART, contribute to accelerated immune aging and increase the risk of non-AIDS illnesses including cardiovascular diseases [ 86 , 87 ], cataracts [ 88 ], malignancies [ 89 , 90 ], bone demineralization [ 91 ], renal disease [ 92 ] and cognitive decline [ 93 ]) among HIV-positive adults relative to their HIV-negative counterparts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of HIV infection and ART on phenotype and function of circulating monocytes, natural killer, and innate lymphoid cells

et al. 2018

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HIV infection causes upregulation of markers of inflammation, immune activation and apoptosis of host adaptive, and innate immune cells particularly monocytes, natural killer (NK) and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) restores CD4 T-cell counts, the persistent aberrant activation of monocytes, NK and ILCs observed likely contributes to the incomplete recovery of T-cell effector functions. A better understanding of the effects of HIV infection and ART on the phenotype and function of circulating monocytes, NK, and ILCs is required to guide development of novel therapeutic interventions to optimize immune recovery.

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“…One of the most important etiological agents of dental caries is Streptococcus mutans (Loesche 1986 ). In addition to being classically associated with dental caries, this bacterium also causes other systemic diseases such as ulcerative colitis, endocarditis and septicemia (Kojima et al 2012 ; Nobbs 2016 ; Robbins et al 1977 ; Tunkel and Sepkowitz 2002 ). The biofilm formation by S .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymol and carvacrol induce autolysis, stress, growth inhibition and reduce the biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans

Khan

Ahmad

et al. 2017

AMB Expr

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Organic compounds from plants are an attractive alternative to conventional antimicrobial agents. Therefore, two compounds namely M-1 and M-2 were purified from Origanum vulgare L. and were identified as carvacrol and thymol, respectively. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of these compounds along with chlorhexidine digluconate using various assays was determined against dental caries causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans. The IC50 values of carvacrol (M-1) and thymol (M-2) against S. mutans were 65 and 54 µg/ml, respectively. Live and dead staining and the MTT assays reveal that a concentration of 100 µg/ml of these compounds reduced the viability and the metabolic activity of S. mutans by more than 50%. Biofilm formation on the surface of polystyrene plates was significantly reduced by M-1 and M-2 at 100 µg/ml as observed under scanning electron microscope and by colorimetric assay. These results were in agreement with RT-PCR studies. Wherein exposure to 25 µg/ml of M-1 and M-2 showed a 2.2 and 2.4-fold increase in Autolysin gene (AtlE) expression level, respectively. While an increase of 1.3 and 1.4 fold was observed in the super oxide dismutase gene (sodA) activity with the same concentrations of M-1 and M-2, respectively. An increase in the ymcA gene and a decrease in the gtfB gene expression levels was observed following the treatment with M-1 and M-2. These results strongly suggest that carvacrol and thymol isolated from O. vulgare L. exhibit good bactericidal and antibiofilm activity against S. mutans and can be used as a green alternative to control dental caries.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13568-017-0344-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Getting to the heart of the matter: Role ofStreptococcus mutansadhesin Cnm in systemic disease

Cited by 15 publications

References 48 publications

"RETRACTED ARTICLE: Vibrio parahaemolyticus RhsP represents a widespread group of pro-effectors for type VI secretion systems

"RETRACTED ARTICLE: Vibrio parahaemolyticus RhsP represents a widespread group of pro-effectors for type VI secretion systems

Effects of HIV infection and ART on phenotype and function of circulating monocytes, natural killer, and innate lymphoid cells

Thymol and carvacrol induce autolysis, stress, growth inhibition and reduce the biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans

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