Getting the Last Gasp: Deliquification of Challenging Gas Wells

Bondurant, Alison Vergari; Dotson, Bryan Dale; Oyewole, Peter

doi:10.2523/11651-ms

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In Equations ( 9)- (11), the secondary peaks in production (Figure 2) due to the installation of ALM i are described by Qrc i Qg pÀ1 , Qrc i Qo pÀ1 , and Qrc i Qng pÀ1 . For example, the gas production flow rate for time period p, Qg p , depends on the gas flow rate at time period p À 1 (the time period prior to the installation of ALM i), Qg pÀ1 , and the flow rate change ratio of the installed method i, Qrc i .…”

Section: The Minlp Model That Employs Two Binary Variables (F0)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the gas production flow rate for time period p, Qg p , depends on the gas flow rate at time period p À 1 (the time period prior to the installation of ALM i), Qg pÀ1 , and the flow rate change ratio of the installed method i, Qrc i . Note that in Equations ( 9)- (11) for simplicity, we assume the same values of hyperbolic parameter b ð Þ and initial decline rate D ð Þ for gas, oil, and natural gas liquids. It should be noted that Equations ( 9)-( 11) combined with sequencing constraints and the objective of the model ensures that an ALM is immediately installed at the second time period (when the well is first loaded) and that the well will not produce any fluids without an ALM installation for the duration of the planning horizon, per the model's assumptions.…”

Section: The Minlp Model That Employs Two Binary Variables (F0)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial lift infrastructure planning of shale gas horizontal wells considering endogenous and exogenous uncertainties

Zuo

2021

AIChE Journal

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Artificial lift methods (ALMs) lift the accumulated fluids from horizontal shale-gasproducing wells and help sustain well performance. An artificial lift infrastructure plan includes the selection of ALMs and their operating schedule. This paper presents two discrete-time large-scale nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming models to solve the artificial lift infrastructure planning problem. Two equivalent mixed-integer linear programming models are formulated using the special structure of the nonlinear terms. A set of valid inequalities is defined to tighten the models and shorten solution times to two orders of magnitude, considering well production limitations. We incorporate endogenous uncertainty in ALM-dependent production rates and exogenous uncertainty in shale gas prices into the models. For a hypothetical case study under only endogenous uncertainties, the value of the stochastic solution is 5%. For the same case study, the exogenous uncertainty in gas prices does not change the optimum solution.

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Section: The Minlp Model That Employs Two Binary Variables (F0)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Minlp Model That Employs Two Binary Variables (F0)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial lift infrastructure planning of shale gas horizontal wells considering endogenous and exogenous uncertainties

Zuo

2021

AIChE Journal

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“…Bondurat et al 10 Loading up of liquid in the wellbore has been recognized as one of the most severe problems in gas production. Accurate prediction is of critical importance to timely take the most optimum approach to deal with this situation.…”

Section: (D))mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 shows the thickness and the values for MAWP, MAP and HTP. It is evident the impact this alternative has on the overall weight of the configuration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a High-Pressure Research Flow Loop for the Experimental Investigation of Liquid Loading in Gas Wells

2009

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Liquid loading in producing gas wells is the inability of the produced gas to remove produced liquids from the wellbore. A review of existing flow loops worldwide revealed that specialized areas of research such as liquid loading in gas wells are still lacking dedicated test facilities. This project presents the design of a new dedicated facility to be located at the TowerLab at the Richardson building with adequate operating conditions to reproduce the flow regimes encountered prior to and after the onset of liquid loading in gas wells. The facility consists of a compressed air system, pipelines for air and water, a pressure vessel containing glass beads, an injection manifold, and flow control and monitoring devices. Our results show that three compressors working in parallel is the most technical and economic configuration for the TowerLab based on the overall costs provided by the supplier, the footprint but most importantly the flexibility. The design of the pressure vessel required a cylindrical body with top and bottom welded-flat head covers with multiple openings to minimize its weight. The pipelines connecting major equipment and injection manifold located at the pressure vessel were selected based on the superficial velocities for air and water. These values also showed the need for independent injection using two manifolds instead of commingling flow through a tee joint. The use of digital pressure gauges with an accuracy of 0.05 to 25% and coriolis or vortex meters to measure air flowrate is also suggested. For the water line, installation of turbine meters results in the most economic approach. iv DEDICATION To my parents, sister and my entire family, for their unlimited support and encouragement throughout this work v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisors Dr. Gioia Falcone and Dr. Catalin Teodoriu for giving me the opportunity to be a part of their team and this project, for their encouragement to learn and to provide meaningful results. Their knowledge and suggestions were fundamental throughout this work. Thanks also go to the gas well unloading group: He Zhang, Gopi Chava, Meher Surendra, Han-Young Park and Fouad Solomon for being such a great team to work with. Thank you to my very good friends, Jerome Rajnauth and Arnaldo Espinel with whom I shared not only knowledge but most importantly created a good friendship. I would also like to thank the department faculty and staff for making my time at Texas

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“…It was reported that around 90% of the gas wells in North America and more than 75% of major gas reservoirs in China suffer from such a liquid impairment, which seriously inhibits productivity, economic feasibility, and life span of the wells. In fact, this not only happens in traditional natural gas wells, but also more frequently appears in unconventional resources such as tight gas, shale gas, and coalbed methane. − Therefore, it is crucial to identify the origin of liquid generated and to unload the liquid from gas wells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deliquification of Low-Productivity Natural Gas Wells with In Situ Generated Foams and Heat

Hao

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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Deliquification with chemical foamers has proved a successful and economic technique to unload the liquids from mature natural gas wells; however, no gases are available to create foams in the low-productivity gas wells. In this work, in situ generated foams (ISGF) were developed with the gas and heat produced by the reaction of ammonium chloride and sodium nitrite in the presence of acetic acid as a catalyst, with the mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate and cocamidopropyl hydroxyl sulfobetaine as the foamer. The molar ratio of reactants to catalyst, and the specifies of ammonium salt were optimized based on the foamability and stability of the foams. The volume of gas and the amount of heat were measured from the optimized gas-and heat-generated system. The morphology of the ISGF foams was found to be more uniform than their conventional counterpart, and these foams exhibited superior foaming at high temperature and high salinity. The optimized formulation was scaled up and applied in two typical lowproductivity gas wells, and significant increment in gas production and decline in water production were found. The ISGF foams not only offer a choice to unload liquids from mature gas wells by providing gas to create foams and to offer heat to dissolve organic pollutants but also provide candidature techniques for unconventional gas wells to prolong life spans.

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Getting the Last Gasp: Deliquification of Challenging Gas Wells

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Artificial lift infrastructure planning of shale gas horizontal wells considering endogenous and exogenous uncertainties

Artificial lift infrastructure planning of shale gas horizontal wells considering endogenous and exogenous uncertainties

Design of a High-Pressure Research Flow Loop for the Experimental Investigation of Liquid Loading in Gas Wells

Deliquification of Low-Productivity Natural Gas Wells with In Situ Generated Foams and Heat

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