Based on large-scale surveys, it has become evident that the teacher has
a major impact on the learning processes and outcomes of the pupils (Hattie,
2009). Transnationally, the impact of the teacher has been widely
acknowledged (Day, 2017; European Council, 2009; Lortie, 1975). Many authors
suggest that Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is a process that
takes place within a particular context and that is most effective when
related to the daily activities of teachers and learners (Fullan, 2007;
Richards & Farrell, 2005). It is considered a long-term process and that
teachers learn over time. CPD is therefore seen as an essential process of a
teacher’s career to gain a lifelong learning perspective and to be able to
adapt to the fast changes in society (European Commission, 2021b; Nitsche,
2014). Looking at relevant literature in the field of teacher education, one
finds many definitions and interpretations of the term CPD. Especially in
recent years, CPD and related terms such as on-going teacher development,
continuous learning, or just professional development, have frequently been
used as buzzwords or as referring to Kelchtermans (2004, p. 217) so-called
‘container concepts’ in teacher education (see also Mann & Webb, 2022,
Chapter 1 this volume). Yet, what exactly lies behind these terms and what
does CPD look like when put in practice?