Getting closer: vein density in C<sub>4</sub> leaves

Kumar, Dhinesh; Kellogg, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1111/nph.15491

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This result depicts that large number of veins in leaves of O. coarctata might increases supply of water in leaves to maintain relative water content under saline condition. This increment of vein density in O. coarctata is one of the characteristic feathers of C4 plant (Kumar and Kellogg, 2019;Sage et al, 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

C4 photosynthesis with Kranz anatomy evolved in the Oryza coarctata Roxb

Chowrasia

Mondal

2020

Preprint

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The C4 cycle is a complex biochemical pathway that has been evolved in plants to deal with the adverse environmental conditions. Mostly C4 plants grow in arid, water-logged area or poor nutrient habitats. Wild species, Oryza coarctata (genome type KKLL; chromosome number (4x) =48, genome size 665 Mb) belongs to the genus of Oryza which thrives well under high saline as well as submerged conditions. Here, we report for the first time that O. coarctata is a C4 plant by observing the increased biomass growth, morphological features such as vein density, anatomical features including ultrastuctural characteristics as well as expression patterns of C4 related genes. Leaves of O. coarctata have higher vein density and possess Kranz anatomy. The ultrastructural observation showed chloroplast dimorphism i.e. presence of agranal chloroplasts in bundle sheath cells whereas, mesophyll cells contain granal chloroplasts. The cell walls of bundle sheath cells contain tangential suberin lamella. The transcript level of C4 specific genes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase, NADP-dependent malic enzyme and malate dehydrogenase was higher in leaves of O. coarctata compare to high yielding rice cultivar (IR-29). These anatomical, ultra structural as well as molecular changes in O. coarctata for C4 photosynthesis adaptation might be might be due to its survival in wide diverse condition from aquatic to saline submerged condition. Being in the genus of Oryza, this plant could be potential donor for production of C4 rice in future through conventional breeding, as successful cross with rice has already been reported.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

C4 photosynthesis with Kranz anatomy evolved in the Oryza coarctata Roxb

Chowrasia

Mondal

2020

Preprint

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“…Our further analysis of leaf gross anatomy across multiple grass species shows that the insertion of additional minor veins is a frequent developmental mechanism for decreasing the M : BS ratio in those C 4 grasses that primarily localise Rubisco within the mestome sheath. The insertion of minor veins could occur via relatively few developmental changes, likely underpinned by changes to auxin, brassinosteroids, SHORTROOT/SCARECROW and/or INDETERMINATE DOMAIN transcription factors (Kumar & Kellogg ; Sedelnikova et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). Alternatively, minor veins may also result from a heterotopic specialisation of auxin maxima that permits them to form closer together (Kumar & Kellogg ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C₄ anatomy can evolve via a single developmental change

et al. 2018

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C4 photosynthesis is a complex trait that boosts productivity in warm environments. Paradoxically, it evolved independently in numerous plant lineages, despite requiring specialised leaf anatomy. The anatomical modifications underlying C4 evolution have previously been evaluated through interspecific comparisons, which capture numerous changes besides those needed for C4 functionality. Here, we quantify the anatomical changes accompanying the transition between non‐C4 and C4 phenotypes by sampling widely across the continuum of leaf anatomical traits in the grass Alloteropsis semialata. Within this species, the only trait that is shared among and specific to C4 individuals is an increase in vein density, driven specifically by minor vein development that yields multiple secondary effects facilitating C4 function. For species with the necessary anatomical preconditions, developmental proliferation of veins can therefore be sufficient to produce a functional C4 leaf anatomy, creating an evolutionary entry point to complex C4 syndromes that can become more specialised.

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“…This leaf tissue specialisation may be especially true for C 4 plants, which have a unique Kranz‐type anatomy required for their CO 2 concentrating mechanism (CCM). C 4 plants also typically have higher vein length per leaf area (VLA) and xylem vessel diameters compared with C 3 plants (Ueno et al ., 2006; Griffiths et al ., 2013; Hamim et al ., 2016; Zhou et al ., 2018; Kumar & Kellogg, 2019; Zhou et al ., 2020). Consequently, the maximum theoretical K x predicted from the Hagen–Poiseuille equation (

K_{normalx} = \sum_{normali = 1}^{N} π d_{i}^{4} false/ 128 η

; where d is the diameter of xylem conduit and η is the viscosity of water ) (Nobel, 2009; Chapter 9) would be greater in C 4 than in C 3 grasses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in leaf anatomy determines temperature response of leaf hydraulic and mesophyll CO₂ conductance in phylogenetically related C₄ and C₃ grass species

2021

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Leaf hydraulic and mesophyll CO 2 conductance are both influenced by leaf anatomical traits, however it is poorly understood how the temperature response of these conductances differs between C 4 and C 3 species with distinct leaf anatomy.This study investigated the temperature response of leaf hydraulic conductance (K leaf ), stomatal (g s ) and mesophyll (g m ) conductance to CO 2 , and leaf anatomical traits in phylogenetically related Panicum antidotale (C 4 ) and P. bisulcatum (C 3 ) grasses.The C 4 species had lower hydraulic conductance outside xylem (K ox ) and K leaf compared with the C 3 species. However, the C 4 species had higher g m compared with the C 3 species. Traits associated with leaf water movement, K leaf and K ox , increased with temperature more in the C 3 than in the C 4 species, whereas traits related to carbon uptake, A net and g m , increased more with temperature in the C 4 than the C 3 species.Our findings demonstrate that, in addition to a CO 2 concentrating mechanism, outsidexylem leaf anatomy in the C 4 species P. antidotale favours lower water movement through the leaf and stomata that provides an additional advantage for greater leaf carbon uptake relative to water loss with increasing leaf temperature than in the C 3 species P. bisulcatum.

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Getting closer: vein density in C₄ leaves

Cited by 18 publications

References 56 publications

C4 photosynthesis with Kranz anatomy evolved in the Oryza coarctata Roxb

C4 photosynthesis with Kranz anatomy evolved in the Oryza coarctata Roxb

C₄ anatomy can evolve via a single developmental change

Differences in leaf anatomy determines temperature response of leaf hydraulic and mesophyll CO₂ conductance in phylogenetically related C₄ and C₃ grass species

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Getting closer: vein density in C4 leaves

Cited by 18 publications

References 56 publications

C4 photosynthesis with Kranz anatomy evolved in the Oryza coarctata Roxb

C4 photosynthesis with Kranz anatomy evolved in the Oryza coarctata Roxb

C4 anatomy can evolve via a single developmental change

Differences in leaf anatomy determines temperature response of leaf hydraulic and mesophyll CO2 conductance in phylogenetically related C4 and C3 grass species

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Getting closer: vein density in C₄ leaves

C₄ anatomy can evolve via a single developmental change

Differences in leaf anatomy determines temperature response of leaf hydraulic and mesophyll CO₂ conductance in phylogenetically related C₄ and C₃ grass species