Getting Clear About Communities in Open Innovation

West, Joel; Lakhani, Karim R.

doi:10.1080/13662710802033734

Cited by 364 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Managing IP issues is generally crucial to the success of crowdsourcing , Nambisan 2002, Ogawa and Piller 2006. However, unlike functions such as the generation of new ideas and concepts (the "heart" of the crowdsourcing idea; e.g., Brabham 2008, Poetz andSchreier 2012), user-to-user assistance (e.g., Frederiksen 2006, West andLakhani 2008), and collaborative filtering and community voting as a means to identify the best submissions (Brabham 2010, Surowiecki 2005, protecting IP has been seen as the organizing company's responsibility up to now (e.g., Feller et al 2012, Vukovic andBartolini 2010).…”

Section: Managerial Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intellectual Property Norms in Online Communities: How User-Organized Intellectual Property Regulation Supports Innovation

Bauer¹,

Franke

Tuertscher

2016

Information Systems Research

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I n many online communities, users reveal innovative and potentially valuable intellectual property (IP) under conditions that entail the risk of theft and imitation. When there is rivalry and formal IP law is not effective, this could lead to underinvestment or withholding of IP, unless user-organized norms compensate for these shortcomings. This study is the first to explore the characteristics and functioning of such a norms-based IP system in the setting of anonymous, large-scale, and loose-knit online communities. To do so, we use data on the Threadless crowdsourcing community obtained through netnography, a survey, and a field experiment. On this basis, we identify an integrated system of well-established norms that regulate the use of IP within this community. We analyze the system's characteristics and functioning, and we find that the "legal certainty" it provides is conducive to cooperation, cumulative effects, and innovation. We generalize our findings from the case by developing propositions aimed to spark further research. These propositions focus on similarities and differences between norms-based IP systems in online and off-line settings, and the conditions that determine the existence of norms-based IP systems as well as their form and effectiveness in online communities. In this way, we contribute to the literatures on norms-based IP systems and online communities and offer advice for the management of crowdsourcing communities.

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Section: Managerial Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intellectual Property Norms in Online Communities: How User-Organized Intellectual Property Regulation Supports Innovation

Bauer¹,

Franke

Tuertscher

2016

Information Systems Research

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“…The empirical literature describes a plethora of such producer investments: producers may sponsor a user innovation community (West andLakhani 2008, Bayus 2013) (Henkel 2008, Colombo et al 2013). …”

Section: Producer Support For User Innovationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The User Innovation Paradigm: Impacts on Markets and Welfare

2017

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Abstract. Innovation has traditionally been seen as the province of producers. However, theoretical and empirical research now shows that individual users-consumers-are also a major and increasingly important source of new product and service designs. In this paper, we build a microeconomic model of a market that incorporates demand-side innovation and competition. We explain the conditions under which firms find it beneficial to invest in supporting and harvesting users' innovations, and we show that social welfare rises when firms utilize this source of innovation. Our modeling also indicates reasons for policy interventions with respect to a mixed user and producer innovation economy. From the social welfare perspective, as the share of innovating users in a market increases, profit-maximizing firms tend to switch "too late" from a focus on internal research and development to a strategy of also supporting and harvesting user innovations. Underlying this inefficiency are externalities that the producer cannot capture. Overall, our results explain when and how the proliferation of innovating users leads to a superior division of innovative labor involving complementary investments by users and producers, both benefitting producers and increasing social welfare.

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“…Bretschneider et al (2008) introduce the concept of community (often online) for innovation consisting of customers and company members which support the company throughout the innovation process. More often, firms are involved either directly (as members) or indirectly (by paying money to members) in the communities (West and Lakhani 2008). The requirements of such a community are organizational and technical.…”

Section: Communities For Distributed Co-creation With Customers and Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Openness: A Study into (All) the Growing Literature on Open Innovation

Giannopoulou

Yström

Ollila

et al. 2010

Journal of Technology Management & Innovation

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Seven years after Chesbrough published the first book on open innovation; the field has literally exploded, and is continuing to do so at an increasing speed. Earlier overviews have analyzed the current status of the field at different points in time. The purpose with this paper is to take this research one step further and analyze gaps in the field as it has progressed up to date, and also discuss the managerial implications of that literature. All scientific literature (as found through major databases) published in English on open innovation has been analyzed qualitatively. The paper identifies current streams in the literature and identifies key issues that future research needs to solve. Compared to earlier reviews, we identify a shift in the direction that the research is taken. The paper discusses why this may be the case and speculates on the future of the field.

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Getting Clear About Communities in Open Innovation

Cited by 364 publications

References 26 publications

Intellectual Property Norms in Online Communities: How User-Organized Intellectual Property Regulation Supports Innovation

Intellectual Property Norms in Online Communities: How User-Organized Intellectual Property Regulation Supports Innovation

The User Innovation Paradigm: Impacts on Markets and Welfare

Implications of Openness: A Study into (All) the Growing Literature on Open Innovation

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