Getting children to eat more fruit and vegetables: A systematic review

Knai, Cécile; Pomerleau, Joceline; Lock, Karen; McKee, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2005.11.012

Cited by 388 publications

(414 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This is consistent with a recent systematic review that highlighted the importance of increased exposure to fruit and vegetables (37) . It is possible that the treatment effect for both willingness to taste and preferences may have been greater if the same vegetables used in the testing were also grown in the school garden.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The impact of nutrition education with and without a school garden on knowledge, vegetable intake and preferences and quality of school life among primary-school students

Morgan

Warren

Lubans

et al. 2010

Public Health Nutr.

178

229

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Objective: To investigate the impact of school garden-enhanced nutrition education (NE) on children's fruit and vegetable consumption, vegetable preferences, fruit and vegetable knowledge and quality of school life. Design: Quasi-experimental 10-week intervention with nutrition education and garden (NE&G), NE only and control groups. Fruit and vegetable knowledge, vegetable preferences (willingness to taste and taste ratings), fruit and vegetable consumption (24 h recall 3 2) and quality of school life (QoSL) were measured at baseline and 4-month follow-up. Setting: Two primary schools in the Hunter Region, New South Wales, Australia. Subjects: A total of 127 students in Grades 5 and 6 (11-12 years old; 54 % boys). Results: Relative to controls, significant between-group differences were found for NE&G and NE students for overall willingness to taste vegetables (P , 0?001) and overall taste ratings of vegetables (P , 0?001). A treatment effect was found for the NE&G group for: ability to identify vegetables (P , 0?001); willingness to taste capsicum (P 5 0?04), broccoli (P 5 0?01), tomato (P , 0?001) and pea (P 5 0?02); and student preference to eat broccoli (P , 0?001) and pea (P , 0?001) as a snack. No group-by-time differences were found for vegetable intake (P 5 0?22), fruit intake (P 5 0?23) or QoSL (P 5 0?98). Conclusions: School gardens can impact positively on primary-school students' willingness to taste vegetables and their vegetable taste ratings, but given the complexity of dietary behaviour change, more comprehensive strategies are required to increase vegetable intake.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The impact of nutrition education with and without a school garden on knowledge, vegetable intake and preferences and quality of school life among primary-school students

Morgan

Warren

Lubans

et al. 2010

Public Health Nutr.

178

229

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“…However, it is interesting to note that several interventions used to promote fruit and vegetable consumption among healthy individuals have been able to maintain intervention effects over the medium to long term (Ammerman, Lindquist, Lohr, & Hersey, 2002;Knai, Pomerleau, Lock, & McKee, 2006;Pomerleau, Lock, Knai, & McKee, 2005). Further research is needed to determine whether the increases in fruit and vegetable consumption observed in the current study could also be maintained over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Promoting fruit and vegetable consumption. Testing an intervention based on the theory of planned behaviour

2012

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This study evaluated the efficacy of a theory of planned behaviour (TPB) based intervention to increase fruit and vegetable consumption. The extent to which fruit and vegetable consumption and change in intake could be explained by the TPB was also examined.Participants were randomly assigned to two levels of intervention frequency matched for intervention content (low frequency n = 92, high frequency n = 102). Participants received TPB-based email messages designed to increase fruit and vegetable consumption, messages targeted attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control (PBC). Baseline and post-intervention measures of TPB variables and behaviour were collected. Across the entire study cohort, fruit and vegetable consumption increased by 0.83 servings/day between baseline and follow-up. Intention, attitude, subjective norm and PBC also increased (p<.05).The TPB successfully modelled fruit and vegetable consumption at both time points but not behaviour change. The increase of fruit and vegetable consumption is a promising preliminary finding for those primarily interested in increasing fruit and vegetable consumption. However, those interested in theory development may have concerns about the use of this model to explain behaviour change in this context. More high quality experimental tests of the theory are needed to confirm this result.Keywords: theory of planned behaviour; fruit and vegetable consumption; behaviour change Like attitude and subjective norm, PBC is thought to influence behaviour through its influence on intention. It is also thought to have a direct influence on behaviour over and above its influence on intention. The extent to which PBC has a direct influence on behaviour is often thought to reflect an individual's actual behavioural control over the target behaviour (Fishbein & Ajzen, 2010). Given the difficulty in directly assessing actual behaviour control for most health related behaviours, PBC is used as a proxy for actual behaviour control the majority of TPB based studies (Armitage & Conner, 2001;Fishbein & Ajzen, 2010;Godin & Kok, 1996).A large number of studies provide support for the utility of the model in the prediction of behaviour (Armitage & Conner, 2001;Godin & Kok, 1996). In the context of fruit and vegetable intake, the model has been reported to account for an average of 41% of the variance in intention and 45% of the variance in behaviour (Guillaumie, Godin, & Vézina-Im, 2010). In their meta-analytic review of psychosocial predictors of fruit and vegetable intake, Guillaumie, Godin, and Vézina-Im argued that the TPB is the most strongly supported model of intention and behaviour (Guillaumie, et al., 2010), and therefore there is sound justification for the use of the model in interventions designed to increase intake of fruit and vegetables (Guillaumie, et al., 2010). TPB and behaviour changeAlthough the predictive utility of the TPB model has been well established, there are relatively few studies which manipulate the cognitions specified in the mod...

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“…The column 'number of samples' displays the number of samples that have been studied for each identified correlate. The 'summary' column contains the number of samples finding positive (1), inverse (2) and no (0) associations for each family correlate. Based on the per cent of findings supporting the association (number of associations supporting the expected association divided by the total number of associations for that variable), the variable was classified as no association (0-33 %), indeterminate/inconsistent (34-59 %) and positive or negative association (60-100 %).…”

Section: Summary Codesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption in children and adolescents: a systematic review

Pearson

Biddle

Gorely

2009

Public Health Nutr.

654

600

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Objectives: To review associations between the family environment and young people's fruit and vegetable consumption. Design: A systematic review. Published English-language (n 60) papers were identified using electronic databases and manual searches of personal files and reference lists. Observational research reporting a measure of fruit/vegetable intake for children (aged 6-11 years) and/or adolescents (aged 12-18 years) and at least one potential family correlate of dietary intake was included. Results: Parental modelling and parental intake were consistently and positively associated with children's fruit and fruit, juice and vegetable (FJV) consumption. There were also positive associations between home availability, family rules and parental encouragement and children's fruit and vegetable consumption. Parental intake was positively associated with adolescents' fruit and vegetable consumption. There were also positive associations between parental occupational status and adolescent fruit consumption and between parental education and adolescents' FJV consumption. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of targeting the family environment for the promotion of healthy eating behaviours among children and adolescents. Future interventions should encourage parents to be positive role models by targeting parental intake and to create a supportive home environment through increased encouragement and availability of fruits and vegetables and employing rules to govern eating behaviours. For adolescents, indicators of family circumstances (e.g. parental education) should be used to identify target groups for interventions aimed at promoting healthy eating. Keywords Adolescents Children Family correlates Fruit VegetablesThere is compelling evidence that diets rich in fruits and vegetables have health-protective effects (1) . While most of the research on associations between fruit and vegetable consumption and health outcomes has focused on adults, there is growing evidence that fruit and vegetable consumption in children may protect against a range of childhood illnesses (2) . Targeting young people to improve health behaviours, such as consuming the recommended amount of fruit and vegetables, is important because evidence suggests that dietary behaviours track from childhood to adolescence (3,4) and food behaviour and food choices established in childhood or adolescence may significantly track into adulthood (5) . Moreover, child fruit consumption may be protective against cancer in adulthood (6) .Recommendations vary by country but public health agendas across the globe share the common goals of increasing the consumption levels of fruit and vegetables and encouraging people to eat a variety of fruit and vegetables. Despite the health benefits of diets rich in fruits and vegetables, national health surveys indicate that children and adolescents are eating fewer fruits and vegetables than is recommended for health (7)(8)(9) . Data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (HBSC) ...

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Getting children to eat more fruit and vegetables: A systematic review

Cited by 388 publications

References 36 publications

The impact of nutrition education with and without a school garden on knowledge, vegetable intake and preferences and quality of school life among primary-school students

The impact of nutrition education with and without a school garden on knowledge, vegetable intake and preferences and quality of school life among primary-school students

Promoting fruit and vegetable consumption. Testing an intervention based on the theory of planned behaviour

Family correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption in children and adolescents: a systematic review

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