Getting ahead: context-dependent responses to odorant filaments drive along-stream progress during odor tracking in blue crabs

Page, Jennifer L.; Dickman, Brian D.; Webster, D. R.; Weissburg, Marc J.

doi:10.1242/jeb.049312

Cited by 49 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…Blue crab tracking success decreases (Keller & Weissburg 2004) and successful tracks take longer (Page et al 2011a) when the chemical source plume has a pulsed release rather than a continuous release. The clam jet velocity time records of the current study had highly unsteady velocity values (e.g.…”

Section: Dominant Predator-prey Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of the current literature on this predator-prey relationship is focused on the acquisition of the chemical signal and the behavioral reaction by the predator (e.g. Weissburg & Zimmer-Faust 1993, Jackson et al 2007, Page et al 2011a. In contrast, the goal of the current study was to quantify the excurrent siphon flow of the bivalve clam M. mercenaria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A key component for study of the predator-prey system here was how the prey items may disguise their presence within the spatial and temporal environment (Weissburg & Dusenbery 2002), and our results suggest that clams were altering the randomness of the jet velocities according to the ambient flow and turbulence in a manner that may have contributed to this 'disguise.' However, more information is clearly needed regarding how the behavioral changes actually alter the downstream chemical plumes and the tracking success of predators.Blue crab tracking success decreases (Keller & Weissburg 2004) and successful tracks take longer (Page et al 2011a) when the chemical source plume has a pulsed release rather than a continuous release. The clam jet velocity time records of the current study had highly unsteady velocity values (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Unsteadiness of bivalve clam jet flow according to environmental conditions

Delavan¹,

Webster²

2011

Aquat. Biol.

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To determine whether hard clams Mercenaria mercenaria alter excurrent jet velocity as a function of environmental factors, this laboratory study quantified the excurrent jet velocity as a function of bulk mean crossflow velocity, density of clam patch, and clam size. The excurrent velocity was measured via the non-intrusive particle image velocimetry technique. The flow and unsteady patterns in the time records of vertical velocity near the tip of the excurrent siphon were analyzed by calculating the mean, variance, power spectral density, fractal dimension, lacunarity, and mean jet-to-crossflow ratio. The results revealed that clams vary their excurrent flow characteristics according to bulk mean crossflow velocity; in particular, the texture of the time record of velocity varied. Further, the jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio was larger for smaller clams, and the response of clams to the density of the clam patch was dependent on the size of the animal. These observed behaviors may impact the predation success of blue crabs Callinectes sapidus and knobbed whelks Busycon carica under various environmental conditions. In this context, the results indicated that blue crabs dominate the predator-prey system because of the dependence on clam size and bulk mean crossflow velocity. Alternatively, the varying clam excurrent siphon velocity behavior may provide hydrodynamic signaling of the clam patch recruitment status to settling larvae.KEY WORDS: Predator-prey · Olfactory predation · Jets-in-crossflow · Bivalve · Non-consumptive predator effects · Lacunarity Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherAquat Biol 13: [175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191] 2011 acteristics of the excurrent flow as a function of bulk mean crossflow velocity and clam size are of interest because the predators of this system, blue crabs and knobbed whelks, both consume clams and use olfactory navigation as a means of locating prey, but the turbulence regimes in which they are successful are highly disparate. Blue crabs are less successful predators during highly turbulent hydrodynamic conditions (Jackson et al. 2007). In contrast, knobbed whelks are successful in highly turbulent regimes (Ferner & Weissburg 2005). Also, blue crabs prefer clams of a small size range despite the fact that they can consume prey over a wide size range (Micheli 1995). Therefore, as clams increase in size, they become less susceptible to predation by blue crabs while maintaining their susceptibility to whelk predation. Thus, there may be alternate strategies for predator avoidance depending on the size of the clams and the turbulence regime of the environment in which they live.The influence of the density of the clam patch was also of interest because there may be predator avoidance strategies depending on the proximity of conspecifics. High-density patches may appear as one large, hard to eat prey to blue crabs, and small clams may have higher survival rates in these ...

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Section: Dominant Predator-prey Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unsteadiness of bivalve clam jet flow according to environmental conditions

Delavan¹,

Webster²

2011

Aquat. Biol.

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“…The high concentration spikes occurred at a saddle point of the velocity field based on the large-scale structure of turbulent eddies. Moreover, according to [14] [15], the occurrence frequency as well as the mean concentration of the high concentration spikes decreases with increasing distance downstream from the source. Although the high concentration spikes and their occurrence mechanism have attracted many researchers, those calculated statistics are not enough to derive a diffusion theory or prediction method regarding the high concentration spikes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion Process of High Concentration Spikes in a Quasi-Homogeneous Turbulent Flow

Endo¹,

Shao²,

Tsukahara³

et al. 2016

OJFD

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When a mass spreads in a turbulent flow, areas with obviously high concentration of the mass compared with surrounding areas are formed by organized structures of turbulence. In this study, we extract the high concentration areas and investigate their diffusion process. For this purpose, a combination of Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) techniques was employed to obtain simultaneously the two fields of the concentration of injected dye and of the velocity in a water turbulent channel flow. With focusing on a quasi-homogeneous turbulence in the channel central region, a series of PLIF and PIV images were acquired at several different downstream positions. We applied a conditional sampling technique to the PLIF images to extract the high concentration areas, or spikes, and calculated the conditional-averaged statistics of the extracted areas such as length scale, mean concentration, and turbulent diffusion coefficient. We found that the averaged length scale was constant with downstream distance from the diffusion source and was smaller than integral scale of the turbulent eddies. The spanwise distribution of the mean concentration was basically Gaussian, and the spanwise width of the spikes increased linearly with downstream distance from the diffusion source. Moreover, the turbulent diffusion coefficient was found to increase in proportion to the spanwise distance from the source. These results reveal aspects different from those of regular mass diffusion and let us conclude that the diffusion process of the spikes differs from that of regular mass diffusion.

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“…Thus, stimulus history or state-dependent responses to spatial patterns are an important, but previously unrecognized, aspect of navigational strategies in turbulent plumes. A companion paper examines the role of temporal sampling in mediating upstream progress (Page et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%