Getting absorbed in experimentally induced extraordinary experiences: Effects of placebo brain stimulation on agency detection

Maij, David L. R.; Elk, Michiel van

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2018.09.010

Cited by 26 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Participants then indicated whether they considered themselves to be a spiritual person (Maij and van Elk, 2018), by answering the following two items: “To what extent do you consider yourself to be a spiritual person?” and “To what extent do others consider you to be a spiritual person?” (Study 1: r = .79; Study 2: r = .89).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many scientific findings and conclusions-particularly when these contradict people's ideological or moral convictions-are increasingly dismissed by substantial segments of the public, and sometimes also on an institutional level (Eilperin et al, 2019;Nature Editorial, 2017a). Scientific associations and institutions have expressed their concerns about the current "crisis of trust" in science (Nature Editorial, 2017a, 2017b. It is evident that science skepticism represents a major contemporary challenge, one that can have far-reaching societal and environmental consequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spiritual skepticism? Heterogeneous science skepticism in the Netherlands

Rutjens¹,

Lee

2020

Public Underst Sci

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Recent work points to the heterogeneous nature of science skepticism. However, most research on science skepticism has been conducted in the United States. The current work addresses the generalizability of the knowledge acquired so far by investigating individuals from a Western European country (The Netherlands). Results indicate that various previously reported findings hold up: Mirroring North American patterns, climate change skepticism is associated with political conservatism (but only modestly), and scientific literacy does not contribute to skepticism, except about genetic modification (Study 1 only) and vaccine skepticism (Study 2 only). Results also reveal a crucial difference: Religiosity does not consistently contribute to science skepticism, except about evolution. Instead, spirituality is found to most consistently predict vaccine skepticism and low general faith in science—which in turn predicts willingness to support science. Concerns about societal impact play an additional role. These findings speak to the generalizability of previous findings, improving our understanding of science skepticism.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiritual skepticism? Heterogeneous science skepticism in the Netherlands

Rutjens¹,

Lee

2020

Public Underst Sci

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“…These processes also change with affective state 111 . Relatedly, unusual experiences have also recently been linked to absorption and social expectations 112 , providing some evidence that such high-level social expectations can be linked not only to perception in the laboratory, but unusual perceptual experiences as they exist in clinical settings.…”

Section: Potential Cognitive Computational and Neural Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Voluntary control of auditory hallucinations: phenomenology to therapeutic implications

Swyer

Powers

2020

npj Schizophr

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Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) have traditionally been thought to be outside the influence of conscious control. However, recent work with voice hearers makes clear that both treatment-seeking and non-treatment-seeking voice hearers may exert varying degrees of control over their voices. Evidence suggests that this ability may be a key factor in determining health status, but little systematic examination of control in AVH has been carried out. This review provides an overview of the research examining control over AVH in both treatment-seeking and non-treatment-seeking populations. We first examine the relationship between control over AVH and health status as well as the psychosocial factors that may influence control and functioning. We then link control to various cognitive constructs that appear to be important for voice hearing. Finally, we reconcile the possibility of control with the field's current understanding of the proposed cognitive, computational, and neural underpinnings of hallucinations and perception more broadly. Established relationships between control, health status, and functioning suggest that the development of control over AVH could increase functioning and reduce distress. A more detailed understanding of the discrete types of control, their development, and their neural underpinnings is essential for translating this knowledge into new therapeutic approaches.

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“…These items were items related to mystical experiences from the Tellegen absorption scale (Tellegen & Atkinson, ) and items from the mysticism scale (Hood, ). In several studies, it has been found that one's scores on these items are strongly predictive of self‐induced mystical experiences (van Elk, ; Maij & van Elk, ; Maij, van Elk, & Schjoedt, ), self‐transcendent feelings of awe (van Elk, Karinen, Specker, Stamkou, & Baas, ) and hearing the voice of God (Luhrmann, ; Luhrmann, Nusbaum, & Thisted, ). Accordingly, for the VBM analysis of mystical experiences, we used the sumscore of the six items in Table as predictor variables.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between individual differences in gray matter volume and religiosity and mystical experiences: A preregistered voxel‐based morphometry study

Elk

Snoek

2019

Eur J of Neuroscience

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The neural substrates of religious belief and experience are an intriguing though contentious topic. Here, we had the unique opportunity to establish the relation between validated measures of religiosity and gray matter volume in a large sample of participants (N = 211). In this registered report, we conducted a confirmatory voxel‐based morphometry analysis to test three central hypotheses regarding the relationship between religiosity and mystical experiences and gray matter volume. The preregisterered hypotheses, analysis plan, preprocessing and analysis code and statistical brain maps are all available from online repositories. By using a region‐of‐interest analysis, we found no evidence that religiosity is associated with a reduced volume of the orbito‐frontal cortex and changes in the structure of the bilateral inferior parietal lobes. Neither did we find support for the notion that mystical experiences are associated with a reduced volume of the hippocampus, the right middle temporal gyrus or with the inferior parietal lobes. A whole‐brain analysis furthermore indicated that no structural brain differences were found in association with religiosity and mystical experiences. We believe that the search for the neural correlates of religious beliefs and experiences should therefore shift focus from studying structural brain differences to a functional and multivariate approach.

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Getting absorbed in experimentally induced extraordinary experiences: Effects of placebo brain stimulation on agency detection

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

Spiritual skepticism? Heterogeneous science skepticism in the Netherlands

Spiritual skepticism? Heterogeneous science skepticism in the Netherlands

Voluntary control of auditory hallucinations: phenomenology to therapeutic implications

The relationship between individual differences in gray matter volume and religiosity and mystical experiences: A preregistered voxel‐based morphometry study

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