Getting a decent (but sparse) signal to the brain for users of cochlear implants

Wilson, Blake S.

doi:10.1016/j.heares.2014.11.009

Cited by 51 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…By applying a sequence of current pulses, the temporal coding of the ear can be mimicked. 2 The temporal code is translated very accurately into auditory nerve fibre responses, 23,24 whereas spatial coding lags behind that of the normal ear, 24 causing cross-channel interference and an absence of detailed spectral information. Furthermore, the range of intensities that electric hearing can represent is limited.…”

Section: Application Of a Connectome Model To Neurosensory Restorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cochlear implants, which are used to treat severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss, have become the most successful neuroprosthetic device, with more than 350 000 recipients worldwide. 2 Retinal and vestibular implants have also been developed and, although showing considerable promise, 3,4 their clinical success has not yet reached the level of cochlear implants. Sensory impairments not only frequently accompany other neurological diseases but also result in neurocognitive impairments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurocognitive factors in sensory restoration of early deafness: a connectome model

Kral

Kronenberger

Pisoni

et al. 2016

The Lancet Neurology

274

240

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Progress in biomedical technology (cochlear, vestibular, and retinal implants) has led to remarkable success in neurosensory restoration, particularly in the auditory system. However, outcomes vary considerably, even after accounting for comorbidity—for example, after cochlear implantation, some deaf children develop spoken language skills approaching those of their hearing peers, whereas other children fail to do so. Here, we review evidence that auditory deprivation has widespread effects on brain development, affecting the capacity to process information beyond the auditory system. After sensory loss and deafness, the brain’s effective connectivity is altered within the auditory system, between sensory systems, and between the auditory system and centres serving higher order neurocognitive functions. As a result, congenital sensory loss could be thought of as a connectome disease, with interindividual variability in the brain’s adaptation to sensory loss underpinning much of the observed variation in outcome of cochlear implantation. Different executive functions, sequential processing, and concept formation are at particular risk in deaf children. A battery of clinical tests can allow early identification of neurocognitive risk factors. Intervention strategies that address these impairments with a personalised approach, taking interindividual variations into account, will further improve outcomes.

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Section: Application Of a Connectome Model To Neurosensory Restorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive factors in sensory restoration of early deafness: a connectome model

Kral

Kronenberger

Pisoni

et al. 2016

The Lancet Neurology

274

240

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even inputs that are patently artificial can lead to meaningful neural and behavioral responses, perhaps in part due to mechanisms of cortical plasticity. Rodents can learn to use intracortical electrical microstimulation as a behaviorally-meaningful input (Long and Carmena 2013), and analogously, humans can learn to use cochlear implants despite what might be initially 'random' patterns of electrically-evoked activity(Wilson 2015;Glennon et al 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterosynaptic Plasticity Determines the Set-Point for Cortical Excitatory-Inhibitory Balance

Field¹,

D'Amour²,

Tremblay³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Excitation in neural circuits must be carefully controlled by inhibition to regulate information processing and limit over-or under-excitability. During development, inhibitory and excitatory inputs in the cerebral cortex are initially mismatched but become co-tuned, although the mechanisms for balancing inhibition with excitation have remained unknown. Here we show how coordinated long-term synaptic modifications calibrate excitatory and inhibitory synaptic weights across multiple inputs. We simultaneously monitored several inputs onto mouse auditory cortical pyramidal neurons, and induced plasticity at one set of inputs by pairing presynaptic and postsynaptic activity. Changes also occurred at other inputs including heterosynaptic modifications of the largest unpaired excitatory and inhibitory inputs, computed by postsynaptic neurons over a ten-minute period. These distributed changes collectively normalized correlation across synapses, balancing inhibition with excitation. Thus the overall neuronal synaptic weight distribution is monitored on-line, with specific adjustments occurring across multiple inputs to both enhance newly-relevant stimuli while preserving excitability. One-Sentence AbstractHeterosynaptic plasticity can rapidly and specifically balance inhibition with excitation across multiple inputs onto cortical pyramidal neurons.All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.(which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/282012 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Mar. 14, 2018; Main TextIn mature cortical networks and elsewhere throughout the adult nervous system, excitation is precisely regulated by a complex set of inhibitory circuits. GABAergic inhibition is important in many features of nervous system function, including spike generation, dendritic integration, synaptic plasticity, sleep, learning and memory, and prevention of pathological activity such as epilepsy (1-5). Consequentially, inhibitory synapses must be carefully calibrated with the relative strengths of excitatory synapses, to ensure that neurons and networks are neither hypo-nor hyperexcitable for prolonged periods. In sensory cortex, this balance between excitation and inhibition seems to be established during early postnatal development (6-11). In particular, frequency tuning curves in the primary auditory cortex (AI) tend to be initially broad or erratic; excitatory inputs mature within the first 1-2 weeks of postnatal life in rodents, but inhibitory tuning requires auditory experience over weeks 2-4 to balance excitation (7,12,13).Excitatory-inhibitory balance must also be dynamically maintained throughout life, as experience-dependent modification of excitatory synapses (e.g., occurring during and after development, learning, or conditioning) then requires corresponding changes to inhibitory inputs (7,8,14). Network simulation studies supported by experimental d...

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“…ochlear implants (CIs) are now standard of care for the severe-to-profound hearing-impaired individuals who do not gain enough benefit from high-power digital hearing aids (Wilson, 2015). The great bulk of outcome studies have documented the success of CIs in both children and adults (De Raeve et al, 2015;Moberly et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Learning Modality and Auditory Feedback on Word Memory: Cochlear-Implanted versus Normal-Hearing Adults

2017

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Getting a decent (but sparse) signal to the brain for users of cochlear implants

Cited by 51 publications

References 49 publications

Neurocognitive factors in sensory restoration of early deafness: a connectome model

Neurocognitive factors in sensory restoration of early deafness: a connectome model

Heterosynaptic Plasticity Determines the Set-Point for Cortical Excitatory-Inhibitory Balance

The Effect of Learning Modality and Auditory Feedback on Word Memory: Cochlear-Implanted versus Normal-Hearing Adults

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