GET POKED: Comparing an Incentive-Based Flu Campaign with Vaccinate-or-Mask Policies to Boost Influenza Vaccination Rates Among Healthcare Workers

Effectiveness of interventions to increase healthcare workers’ adherence to vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis, 1993 to 2022

“…The studies were conducted in the EU (n = 25), mainly in France (n = 5) and Italy (n = 5), and in the US (n = 16), Canada (n = 2), Israel (n = 1), South Korea (n = 1) and Türkiye (n = 1). Twelve studies were RCTs [ 43 , 45 , 47 , 49 , 52 , 55 , 56 , 64 , 67 , 75 - 77 ], while 36 had an observational design [ 16 - 18 , 42 , 44 , 46 , 48 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 54 , 57 - 63 , 65 , 66 , 68 - 74 , 78 - 86 ]. Among the RCTs, three were cluster-randomised trials [ 49 , 67 , 77 ] and three had a 2 × 2 factorial design [ 43 , 45 , 64 ].…”

“…Forty-four articles provided interventions for seasonal influenza vaccination [ 16 - 18 , 42 - 50 , 52 - 61 , 63 - 69 , 71 - 80 , 82 - 86 ], and four were on Tdap vaccination [ 51 , 62 , 70 , 81 ]. Studies recruited participants mainly in hospital settings (n = 30) [ 16 , 17 , 43 , 44 , 48 , 50 , 51 , 53 - 55 , 57 - 60 , 62 , 65 , 66 , 68 , 70 , 71 , 75 - 81 , 83 , 84 , 86 ] but 10 enrolled participants from community care [ 18 , 45 - 47 , 49 , 56 , 64 , 67 , 69 , 85 ]. The remaining studies were performed in facilities that provided both hospital and community care services (n = 8) [ 42 , 52 , 61 , 63 , 72 - 74 , 82 ].…”

“…There were 15,940 participants who fell into the category of other HCWs, including rehabilitation technicians, pharmacists and laboratory staff. Twenty-two articles did not specify the number or professional category of HCWs [ 14 , 42 , 43 , 48 - 52 , 54 , 58 , 59 , 63 , 65 , 68 - 73 , 77 , 82 , 85 ]. The age of participants ranged from 18 to 66 years.…”

“…None of the observational studies had a rating of good quality. Instead, 24 had a rating of fair quality [ 16 - 18 , 42 , 48 , 53 , 54 , 57 - 60 , 62 , 69 - 71 , 73 , 74 , 78 - 80 , 83 - 86 ] and 11 had a rating of poor quality [ 44 , 46 , 50 , 51 , 58 , 65 , 66 , 68 , 72 , 81 , 82 ]. All details about quality assessment are appended in the Supplement .…”

“…Moderate bias due to confounding was found in all the included observational studies. Twenty-five had moderate bias in the measurement of outcomes [ 16 , 17 , 42 , 48 , 50 , 53 , 54 , 57 - 63 , 66 , 68 , 70 , 73 , 74 , 78 , 79 , 83 - 86 ], and 25 showed moderate bias in the selection of reported results [ 16 - 18 , 42 , 48 , 51 , 53 , 54 , 57 - 62 , 66 , 70 , 73 , 74 , 78 - 80 , 83 - 86 ] ( Figure 2 ).…”