Get excited: Reappraising pre-performance anxiety as excitement.

Brooks, Alison Wood

doi:10.1037/a0035325

Cited by 267 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…As noted above, research on emotion regulation demonstrates that suppressing anxiety is both difficult and can paradoxically increase anxious feelings (e.g., Brooks, 2014;Gross & Levenson, 1995). In contrast, we propose and demonstrate that rituals offer a strategy that effectively decreases pre-performance anxiety.…”

Section: Empirical Overview and Theoretical Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Heart rate measure. To measure participants' heart rate, we used a procedure from Brooks (2014). First, the experimenter instructed participants to place a wireless finger pulse oximeter (DigiO2 Finger Pulse Oximeter) on their non-dominant pointer finger and to rest the oximeter flat on the desk in front of them.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of well-intentioned and intuitively promising strategies have been proven ineffective for reducing anxiety. For example, suppressing anxiety -hiding anxious feelings from others -can paradoxically increase anxious feelings (Brooks, 2014;Gross & Levenson, 1995). Other strategies lack rigorous experimental support or prove effective only under limited circumstances.…”

Section: Rituals Reduce Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, one of the most pervasive clinical techniques for reducing anxiety is cognitive behavioral therapy, based on principles of reappraisal (Webb, Miles, & Sheeran, 2012). However, reappraisal can be difficult to implement, especially for highmagnitude emotions (Shafir, Schwartz, Blechert, & Sheppes, 2015), and may be most effective not for reducing high-arousal emotions (such as anxiety), but for reframing negatively-valenced high arousal as positively-valenced high arousal (such as reappraising anxiety as excitement; Brooks, 2014).…”

Section: Rituals Reduce Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We randomly assigned participants to complete a ritual (or not) before singing ''Don't Stop Believing" by Journey in front of strangers (see Brooks, 2014), and tracked their self-reported anxiety, heart rate, and objective singing quality. Our conceptual account holds that rituals are psychologically distinct from other common pre-performance strategies such as actively attempting to calm down or delaying performance for a period of time.…”

Section: Study 1: Rituals and Singing Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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RETRACTED: Don’t stop believing: Rituals improve performance by decreasing anxiety

Brooks

Schroeder

Risen

et al. 2016

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

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121

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a b s t r a c tFrom public speaking to first dates, people frequently experience performance anxiety. And when experienced immediately before or during performance, anxiety harms performance. Across a series of experiments, we explore the efficacy of a common strategy that people employ to cope with performance-induced anxiety: rituals. We define a ritual as a predefined sequence of symbolic actions often characterized by formality and repetition that lacks direct instrumental purpose. Using different instantiations of rituals and measures of anxiety (both physiological and self-report), we find that enacting rituals improves performance in public and private performance domains by decreasing anxiety. Belief that a specific series of behaviors constitute a ritual is a critical ingredient to reduce anxiety and improve performance: engaging in behaviors described as a ''ritual" improved performance more than engaging in the same behaviors described as ''random behaviors."

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Section: Empirical Overview and Theoretical Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rituals Reduce Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rituals Reduce Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study 1: Rituals and Singing Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

RETRACTED: Don’t stop believing: Rituals improve performance by decreasing anxiety

Brooks

Schroeder

Risen

et al. 2016

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

Self Cite

121

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The inner speech of behavioral regulation: Intentions and task performance strengthen when you talk to yourself as a You

Dolcos

2014

Euro J Social Psych

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People often talk to themselves using the first-person pronoun (I), but they also talk to themselves as if they are speaking to someone else, using the second-person pronoun (You). Yet, the relative behavioral control achieved by I and You self-talk remains unknown. The current research was designed to examine the potential behavioral advantage of using You in self-talk and the role of attitudes in this process. Three experiments compared the effects of I and You self-talk on problem solving performance and behavioral intentions. Experiment 1 revealed that giving self-advice about a hypothetical social situation using You yielded better anagram task performance than using I. Experiment 2 showed that using You self-talk in preparation for an anagram task enhanced anagram performance and intentions to work on anagrams more than I self-talk, and that these effects were mediated by participants' attitudes toward the task. Experiment 3 extended these findings to exercise intentions and highlighted the role of attitudes in this effect. Altogether, the current research showed that second-person self-talk strengthens both actual behavior performance and prospective behavioral intentions more than first-person self-talk. Copyright

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Why is your boss making you sick? A longitudinal investigation modeling time‐lagged relations between abusive supervision and employee physical health

et al. 2017

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Although an abundance of cross-sectional data have linked abusive supervision with employees' experience of health-related problems, further research accounting for the temporal dynamics of these variables is needed to establish causality. Furthermore, the process by which abusive supervision relates to subordinate health problems requires greater clarification. In a 1-year longitudinal cross-lagged investigation, we sought to test the time-lagged relationship between abusive supervision and employee physical health; additionally, we test rumination as a cognitive process that mediates this time-lagged relationship while modeling other relevant social and motivational mediators. Our results indicate that subordinate ruminative thinking about their experiences of abusive supervision mediates the time-lagged association between abusive supervision and physical health problems. These findings suggest that reducing ruminative thinking may limit the long-term impact of abusive supervision on employees' physical health.

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Get excited: Reappraising pre-performance anxiety as excitement.

Cited by 267 publications

References 109 publications

RETRACTED: Don’t stop believing: Rituals improve performance by decreasing anxiety

RETRACTED: Don’t stop believing: Rituals improve performance by decreasing anxiety

The inner speech of behavioral regulation: Intentions and task performance strengthen when you talk to yourself as a You

Why is your boss making you sick? A longitudinal investigation modeling time‐lagged relations between abusive supervision and employee physical health

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