Gestational Heat Stress Alters Postnatal Offspring Body Composition Indices and Metabolic Parameters in Pigs

Boddicker, Rebecca L.; Seibert, J. T.; Johnson, Jay S; Pearce, Sarah; Selsby, Joshua T.; Gabler, Nicholas K.; Lucy, M.C.; Safranski, Timothy J.; Rhoads, Robert P.; Baumgard, Lance H.; Ross, Jason W.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110859

Cited by 65 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…No in utero thermal treatment differences were detected in circulating glucose, insulin, NEFA, PUN, and CK ( Table 5). The lack of differences in glucose and NEFA agrees with our previous in utero HS reports (Boddicker et al, 2014), and were not unexpected, as we did not detect gross differences in body composition. However, we previously reported that in utero HS increases future circulating insulin concentration, regardless of postnatal thermal environments (Boddicker et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The lack of differences in glucose and NEFA agrees with our previous in utero HS reports (Boddicker et al, 2014), and were not unexpected, as we did not detect gross differences in body composition. However, we previously reported that in utero HS increases future circulating insulin concentration, regardless of postnatal thermal environments (Boddicker et al, 2014). Reasons why the current experiment did not corroborate our previous results are not clear, but may be due to infrequent blood sampling in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Heat stress alters animal physiology and post-absorptive metabolism during pre- and postnatal development

Johnson

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In-utero hyperthermia can cause a variety of developmental issues, but how it alters mammalian body temperature during adolescence is not well-understood. Study objectives were to determine the extent to which in-utero hyperthermia affects future phenotypic responses to a heat load. Pregnant first parity pigs were exposed to thermal neutral (TN; cyclical 15 to 22°C; n = 8) or heat stress (HS; cyclical 27 to 37°C; n = 7) conditions during the entire gestation. Of the resultant offspring, 12 males (n=6, gestational TN (GTN) conditions; n = 6, gestational HS (GHS) conditions) were housed in TN conditions (constant 22.7 ± 2.5°C), and 12 males (n = 6 GTN, n = 6 GHS) were maintained in HS conditions (constant 34.7 ± 2.3°C) for 15 d. Adolescent pigs in HS conditions had increased (P < 0.01) rectal temperature (∆T re ; 0.33˚C) and respiration rate (∆RR; 44 bpm) compared to TN pigs, regardless of gestational treatment. Within the HS environment, no gestational difference in RR was detected; however, GHS pigs had increased (0.26°C; P < 0.01) T re compared to GTN pigs. As T re increased, GTN pigs had a more rapid increase in RR (12 bpm/1°C; P < 0.01) compared to the GHS pigs. Adolescent HS decreased nutrient intake (25%; P < 0.01), and 67 body weight gain (34%; P = 0.04), but neither variable was statistically influenced by gestational treatments. In summary, in-utero HS compromises the future thermoregulatory response to a thermal insult.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Heat stress alters animal physiology and post-absorptive metabolism during pre- and postnatal development

Johnson

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“…One extensively researched experimental model is maternal undernutrition that increases offspring lipid accretion (Ravelli et al, 1976;Barker et al, 1993;Desai et al, 2005;Roseboom et al, 2006). In addition, we recently reported (Boddicker et al, 2014;Johnson et al, 2015b) that in utero HS increases future adipose deposition at the expense of skeletal muscle mass in pigs. Similarities between the in utero undernutrition and HS models, coupled with the fact that HS causes a well-documented reduction in feed intake (FI) in almost all species (Baumgard et al, 2012;Baumgard and Rhoads, 2013;Johnson et al, 2015a), lends itself to the hypothesis that the two in utero insults may be mechanistically linked.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of in utero heat stress and nutrient restriction on progeny body composition

Johnson

Abuajamieh

Fernández

et al. 2015

Journal of Thermal Biology

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We recently demonstrated that in utero heat stress (IUHS) alters future tissue accretion in pigs, but whether this is a conserved response among species, is due to the direct effects of heat stress (HS) or mediated by reduced maternal feed intake (FI) is not clear. Study objectives were to compare the quantity and rate of tissue accretion in rats exposed to differing in utero thermal environments while eliminating the confounding effect of dissimilar maternal FI. On d3 of gestation, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (189.0±5.9g BW) were exposed to thermoneutral (TN; 22.2±0.1°C; n=8), or HS conditions (cyclical 30 to 34°C; n=8) until d18 of gestation. A third group was pair-fed to HS dams in TN conditions (PFTN; 22.2±0.1°C; n=8) from d4 to d19 of gestation. HS increased dam rectal temperature (p=0.01; 1.3°C) compared to TN and PFTN mothers, and reduced FI (p=0.01; 33%) compared to TN ad libitum fed controls. Although litter size was similar (p=0.97; 10.9 pups/litter), pup birth weight was reduced (p=0.03; 15.4%) in HS compared to PFTN and TN dams. Two male pups per dam [n=8 in utero TN (IUTN); n=8 IUHS; n=8 in utero PFTN (IUPFTN)] were selected from four dams per treatment based on similar gestation length, and body composition was determined using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) on d26, d46, and d66 of postnatal life. Whole-body fat content increased (p=0.01; 11.2%), and whole-body lean tissue decreased (p=0.01; 2.6%) in IUPFTN versus IUTN and IUHS offspring. Whole-body composition was similar between IUHS and IUTN offspring. Epididymal fat pad weight increased (p=0.03; 21.6%) in IUPFTN versus IUHS offspring. In summary and in contrast to pigs, IUHS did not impact rodent body composition during this stage of growth; however, IUPFTN altered the future hierarchy of tissue accretion.

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“…Specifically, HS experienced during gestation can result in physiological anomalies that extend into post-gestational life (Shiota and Kayamura, 1989;Chen et al, 2010). In this way, Boddicker et al (2014) suggest that HS during the first half of gestation may have programmed the kits, resulting in an altered postnatal offspring growth and development. In the present study, we demonstrate that kits from does that experienced HS during gestation did not alter postnatal growth until Spanish commercial liveweight (63 d).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gestational and lactational exposure to heat stress on performance in rabbits

2017

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Reproductive performance is greatly affected by environmental factors such as temperature. Heat stress (HS) during pregnancy and lactation can influence not only foetal growth but also postnatal development of kits. The aim of this study was to test the effect of HS during gestation and lactation on postnatal growth till Spanish commercial liveweight. To investigate this, 32 primiparous non lactating rabbit does were exposed to 1 of 2 environmental treatments: high temperature (between 25 and 36°C, HS group; n=16) or thermoneutral conditions (between 14 and 20°C, TN group; n=16). Does were allowed to acclimate 30 d before the artificial insemination. At birth, kits were allocated into 4 groups: HS was only applied during gestation (G group; n=54); HS was applied during gestation and lactation period (GL group; n=85); HS was only applied during lactation period (L group; n=60); and TN was applied during gestation and lactation period (C group; n=77). All litters were kept under each experimental environment until weaning at day 30. Then, litters were moved to TN temperatures until slaughter at day 63. Compared with TN does, the HS does presented lower litter size (9.7 and 11.4; P<0.05), litter weight (503.0 vs. 630.5 g; P<0.05) and kit weight at birth (56.6 vs. 61.4 g; P<0.05), as well as a higher stillborn rate (25.4 vs. 9.9%; P<0.05). The kits from does subjected to HS during gestation (G group) had similar postnatal growth compared to offspring from does gestated in TN conditions (C group), whereas kits from does that experienced HS during gestation and lactation (GL group) and during their lactation (L group) presented decreased postnatal growth. Together, these results demonstrate that kits from does that underwent HS during gestation did not alter postnatal growth until Spanish commercial liveweight, whereas HS during lactation resulted in decreased postnatal growth.

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Gestational Heat Stress Alters Postnatal Offspring Body Composition Indices and Metabolic Parameters in Pigs

Cited by 65 publications

References 44 publications

Heat stress alters animal physiology and post-absorptive metabolism during pre- and postnatal development

Heat stress alters animal physiology and post-absorptive metabolism during pre- and postnatal development

The impact of in utero heat stress and nutrient restriction on progeny body composition

Effect of gestational and lactational exposure to heat stress on performance in rabbits

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