Gestational Gigantomastia Complicating Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Background. Gestational gigantomastia is a rare disorder without clear etiology or well-established risk factors. Several pathogenic mechanisms contributing to the disease process have been proposed, all of which can lead to a similar phenotype of breast hypertrophy. Case. A 28-year-old Guinean woman presented at 37 weeks of gestation with bilateral gigantomastia, mastalgia, peau d'orange, and back pain. Prolactin levels were 103.3 μg/L (with a normal reference value for prolactin in pregnancy being 36–372 μg/L). The patient was treated with bromocriptine (2.5 mg twice daily), scheduled for a repeat cesarean, and referred to surgery for bilateral mammoplasty. Conclusion. Gestational gigantomastia is a rare disorder, characterized by enlargement and hypertrophy of breast tissue. Our patient presented with no endocrine or hematological abnormalities, adding to a review of the literature for differential diagnoses, workup, and management of cases of gestational gigantomastia with normal hormone levels.

Interdisciplinary Approach for the Medical Management of Gestational Gigantomastia

“…3 The etiology is not understood, but cases have been seen in association with medications, autoimmune disorders, hormone receptor hypersensitivity, and concurrent malignancy. 1 Risk factors are also not well understood, but it has been most commonly reported in Caucasian and multiparous women. The majority of literature is composed of case reports and small case series.…”

Gestational gigantomastia: Asystematic review of case reports

“…[19] Although no major side effects have been reported but some isolated case reports suggest intrauterine growth retardation as an isolated side effect. [20] Hence, it is recommended that serial fetal growth monitoring should be done in patients on bromocriptine for gigantomastia. Although our extensive data search also showed only two cases of GG that were successfully managed with bromocriptine alone, Swelstad et al .…”

Gestational gigantomastia accompained by distal breast tissue necrosis. A case report

“…При неуправляемом увеличении МЖ присоединяются сосудистые изменениявыраженный венозный застой, тромбоз подкожных вен МЖ и грудной стенки, который вызывает необратимые трофические изменения тканей МЖ, при этом, в первую очередь страдают дистальные участки железы (сосково-ареолярный комплекс), которые подвергаются изъязвлению и некрозу. При запущенных формах присоединяется интеркуррентная инфекция и интоксикационный синдром: слабость, одышка, токсическая анемия [14,16]. Зачастую пациентка испытывает не только физический дискомфорт, но и психологический, Endocrine surgery.…”

“…Article in Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/serg10306 что приводит к психосоматическим нарушениям: фрустрации, отчужденности и депрессии [3,14,16]. Существует несколько вариантов лечения этого состояния -медикаментозный, оперативный или комбинированный методы.…”