Gestational gigantomastia complicated with deep vein thrombosis

Gestational gigantomastia complicated with mastitis

“…It can occur in any pregnancy; however, the previous history is the strongest risk factor for its recurrence, as well as the patient being submitted to mammoplasty instead of total mastectomy 1,5,7 . Most cases of GG are bilateral and begin in the first trimester or at the beginning of the second, coinciding with the peak period of gonadotropin production during pregnancy, which further strengthens the hypothesis of hormonal association [1][2][3]6 .…”

“…The differential diagnosis includes phyllodes tumor, fibroadenoma, and lymphomas, which must be excluded by biopsy and immunohistochemistry. Histologically, the breast tissue of patients with GG presents significant lobular hypertrophy, ductal proliferation, and periductal fibrosis [1][2][3]6 . Histological and laboratory markers of autoimmunity can also be tested, although they have not been performed in the case described [5][6][7] .…”

“…Two main surgical modalities that have been widely used in the treatment are mammoplasty and total mastectomy 9 . As there is a possibility of recurrence with mammoplasty, bilateral mastectomy with reconstruction is the treatment of choice in women who want future pregnancies [1][2][3]6 .…”

“…Gestational gigantomastia (GG) is a disease defined by rapid and disproportionate breast enlargement during pregnancy. Its complications may lead to emergency mastectomy or induced miscarriage [1][2][3][4] .…”

“…With few reports in the literature, its incidence varies from one in 28 thousand to one in 100 thousand pregnancies worldwide, so it is very rare and has unpredictable progression. The etiology and pathogenesis remain uncertain, but the most accepted theories are hormonal and autoimmune [1][2][3] .…”