Gestational effects on placental and serum androgen, progesterone and prolactin-like activity in the mouse

Soares, Michael J.; Talamantes, Frank

doi:10.1677/joe.0.0950029

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It is also possible that the stimulus for production of testosterone in fetal life was defective, resulting in decreased pituitary production of LH or diminished LH-like activity in placental fluid [20-231. The other known source of testosterone production in fetal mice is the placenta. Rat and mouse placentae secrete progesterone and androgen, but not estrogen [17,24,25]. In the current study, control NZB/W fetuses had placentae that actively produced testosterone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

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Aberrant Hormone Balance in Fetal Autoimmune NZB/W Mice Following Prenatal Exposure to Testosterone Excess or the Androgen Blocker Flutamide1

Keisler¹,

Saal

Keisler

et al. 1995

Biology of Reproduction

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F1 hybrid New Zealand Black (NZB) x New Zealand White (NZW) (NZB/W) mice are hormone-sensitive models of the human disease systemic lupus erythematosus. In this study, NZB/W fetuses produced by pregnant NZB mice were compared with F1 C57BL/6 x DBA/2 (C57/DBA2) hybrid fetuses produced by nonautoimmune C57BL/6 females. Dams of both strains were treated with testosterone or the androgen blocker flutamide to alter the hormonal environment in late gestation. Hormonal changes in male fetuses carried by treated dams were of interest because hormonal manipulation using either testosterone or flutamide has been shown to increase longevity in male NZB/W offspring. Testosterone-implanted NZB dams developed the expected elevations in circulating maternal testosterone, whereas C57BL/6 dams treated with either testosterone or flutamide had elevated maternal serum testosterone concentrations. The treatment-induced changes in circulating testosterone in NZB dams and C57BL/6 dams were not reflected in serum from 18-day NZB/W or C57/DBA2 fetuses. Male NZB/W offspring from untreated control NZB dams had unexpectedly high levels of serum estradiol and alpha fetoprotein and relatively low extractable testicular testosterone, compared with nonautoimmune male control fetuses. Maternal testosterone treatments produced a significant decrease in serum estradiol in NZB/W male fetuses, and placental testosterone content was also reduced. Our findings suggest that placental androgen control is regulated differently in the autoimmune NZB-NZB/W vs. the nonautoimmune C57BL/6-C57/DBA2 maternal-placental-fetal unit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Steroids are not stored in the cells that produce them. Most evidence suggests that the rate of secretion of steroid hormones reflects the rate of synthesis and is thus correlated with organ content [17,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberrant Hormone Balance in Fetal Autoimmune NZB/W Mice Following Prenatal Exposure to Testosterone Excess or the Androgen Blocker Flutamide1

Keisler¹,

Saal

Keisler

et al. 1995

Biology of Reproduction

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“…The significantly higher testosterone concentrations in pregnant animals suggest a pattern of testosterone secretion similar to that observed in laboratory rats and mice, in which plasma androgen concentrations rise during pregnancy (e.g. Barkley et ai, 1979;Soares & Talamantes, 1982). Testosterone and prolactin concentrations varied with reproductive condition in males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Seasonal variation in circulating testosterone and oestrogens of wild-caught California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Holekamp¹,

Talamantes²

1991

Reproduction

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Blood samples were obtained each month for 18 months in 1984-85 from wild-caught California ground squirrels. Circulating testosterone and total oestrogens were extracted from the plasma, measured by radioimmunoassay and compared with concurrent changes in plasma progesterone and prolactin in the same individuals. Male plasma testosterone concentrations peaked in January, shortly before mating, whereas female testosterone concentrations were low throughout the year. Female plasma oestrogen concentrations peaked in February, during the mating period. Juvenile males exhibited a transient increase in circulating testosterone in September, followed by testis growth, preputial separation, and the appearance of epididymal spermatozoa. Juvenile females exhibited a transient increase in circulating oestrogens in November. By the start of the first mating season after their births, neither juvenile males nor females differed significantly from same-sex adults with respect to plasma concentrations of oestrogen or testosterone. Plasma concentrations of progesterone and prolactin in killed individuals were similar to those obtained in previous studies of free-living S. beecheyi. Mean plasma concentrations of all measured hormones varied significantly with reproductive condition in adults of both sexes.

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“…Although progesterone concentrations used in this study were higher than physiological serum levels of the hormone, they were similar to local placental levels. [57][58][59] Progesterone was shown in the course of this study to inhibit both NO production and killing of L. donovani parasites by IFN-c-and LPS-stimulated BMMs. Consequently, progesterone-sensitive mechanisms, including NO reduction, are playing a role in controlling replication of this parasite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Toll‐like receptor‐4‐mediated macrophage activation is differentially regulated by progesterone via the glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors

et al. 2008

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Summary Macrophage function has been demonstrated to be subject to modulation by progesterone. However, as this steroid hormone can act through the glucocorticoid receptor as well as the progesterone receptor, the mechanism of action has not been precisely characterized. To determine the mode of action, we compared the ability of progesterone, norgestrel (a synthetic progesterone‐receptor‐specific agonist) and dexamethasone (a synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist) to modulate macrophage function following stimulation of the Toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR‐4) ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results demonstrate that following stimulation of TLR‐4 with LPS and cotreatment with either progesterone or dexamethasone, but not norgestrel, there is a significant reduction in nitric oxide (NO) production, indicating that this progesterone‐mediated effect is through ligation of the glucocorticoid receptor. In contrast, LPS‐induced interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) production could be downregulated by all three steroids, indicating that ligation by progesterone of either the glucocorticoid or the progesterone receptors or both could mediate this effect. While progesterone downmodulated NO‐mediated killing of Leishmania donovani by activated macrophages in vitro, most probably via the glucocorticoid receptor, it had little effect on Toxoplasma gondii growth in these cells. This would suggest that progesterone‐mediated increased susceptibility to T. gondii during pregnancy is more likely to be related to the ability of the hormone to downregulate IL‐12 production and a type‐1 response utilizing the progesterone as well as the glucocorticoid receptors.

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Gestational effects on placental and serum androgen, progesterone and prolactin-like activity in the mouse

Cited by 34 publications

References 19 publications

Aberrant Hormone Balance in Fetal Autoimmune NZB/W Mice Following Prenatal Exposure to Testosterone Excess or the Androgen Blocker Flutamide1

Aberrant Hormone Balance in Fetal Autoimmune NZB/W Mice Following Prenatal Exposure to Testosterone Excess or the Androgen Blocker Flutamide1

Seasonal variation in circulating testosterone and oestrogens of wild-caught California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi)

Toll‐like receptor‐4‐mediated macrophage activation is differentially regulated by progesterone via the glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors

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