Gestational diabetes mellitus by maternal country of birth and length of residence in immigrant women in Norway

Strandberg, Ragnhild Bjarkøy; Iversen, Marjolein M.; Jenum, Anne Karen; Sørbye, Linn Marie; Vik, Eline Skirnisdottir; Schytt, Erica; Aasheim, Vigdis; Nilsen, Roy Miodini

doi:10.1111/dme.14493

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In a Norwegian study (n=1 309 846), the prevalence of GDM increased with longer duration of residence in Norway, but with some heterogeneity by country of origin. 50 Similarly, in a large Danish cohort study (n=725 482) of women, Kragelund Nieslen et al showed a positive association between longer duration of residence and GDM prevalence. 51 These findings of a positive relationship between duration of residence in the USA and other high-income countries may be explained by the 'Fetal Origins of Adult Disease' hypothesis, which posits that malnutrition in utero, along with subsequent low birth weight, may lead to adaptations that affect beta-cell function and promote future insulin resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Disparities in cardiometabolic risk profiles and gestational diabetes mellitus by nativity and acculturation: findings from 2016–2017 National Health Interview Survey

Ogunwole

Turkson‐Ocran

Boakye

et al. 2022

BMJ Open Diab Res Care

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IntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy with implications for cardiovascular health. Among reproductive-aged women, less is known about nativity-related disparities in cardiometabolic risk profiles and GDM history. We examined how cardiometabolic risk profiles and GDM history differed by nativity and explored associations between acculturation, cardiometabolic risk profiles and GDM history.Research design and methodsWe analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2016–2017 National Health Interview Survey among reproductive-aged women (18–49 years) who both reported ever being pregnant and answered the question on GDM history. Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined the percentage with GDM history and compared cardiometabolic profiles by nativity status and acculturation (duration of US residence).ResultsOf 9525 women, 22.5% were foreign-born. Also, 11.7% of foreign-born women had a GDM history vs 9.6% of US-born women. Foreign-born women with ≥10 years US residence had the highest age-standardized percentage with GDM history (11.0%) compared with US-born women (9.2%) and foreign-born women with <10 years US residence (6.7%). US-born women had a higher prevalence of hypertension, current smoking, and alcohol use than foreign-born women. Among foreign-born women, those with ≥10 years US residence had a higher prevalence of hypertension, current smoking, and alcohol use than those with <10 years US residence. In the fully adjusted model, foreign-born women with ≥10 years US residence had higher odds of GDM history than US-born women (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.76) while foreign-born women with <10 years US residence and US-born women has similar odds of GDM history.ConclusionsGreater duration of US residence may be associated with nativity-related disparities in GDM. Acculturation, including changing health-related behaviors may explain the disparities among foreign-born women and should be further investigated to appropriately target interventions to prevent GDM and future cardiometabolic diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Disparities in cardiometabolic risk profiles and gestational diabetes mellitus by nativity and acculturation: findings from 2016–2017 National Health Interview Survey

Ogunwole

Turkson‐Ocran

Boakye

et al. 2022

BMJ Open Diab Res Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our findings are in accordance with, the findings of recent studies from Denmark and Norway. 18 , 19 Both studies used data from their national MBR, which are comparable to Finnish one in the data quality. Both studies used the country of birth of women to identify the country of origin whereas we used woman’s and her parent’s country of birth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 16 , 17 Two recent studies found that those women who were born in South Asia, East Asia, Middle East and North Africa had higher odds for GDM as compared to women who were born in Norway and Denmark, respectively. 18 , 19 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational diabetes among women of migrant origin in Finland—a population-based study

Bastola

Koponen

Skogberg

et al. 2021

European Journal of Public Health

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Background Migrant women may have a higher risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the related adverse outcomes. We studied the prevalence of GDM among migrant-origin women in Finland. Methods This study used data from the nationwide Medical Birth Register. Information on the most recent singleton births of women delivering between 2004 and 2014 (N = 379 634) was included. Women were classified into nine regional categories based on the country of origin. Finnish origin women were the reference group. Generalized linear models adjusted for maternal age, parity, socioeconomic position, pre-pregnancy body mass index and year of delivery were used to study the association between region/country of origin and GDM. Results Among the study population, almost 8% were of migrant origin. The prevalence of GDM varied from 6.1% (women of Latin American/Caribbean origin) to 18.4% (South Asian origin), compared to 8.7% in the Finnish reference group. When adjusted for confounders, women of South Asian, East Asian, Middle Eastern/North African and Russian/former USSR origin had a higher risk for GDM than Finnish origin women. By country of origin, women originating from Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, India, Afghanistan, Nepal, China, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Morocco, Turkey, Iran, Iraq and former USSR had a higher risk for GDM than Finnish origin women. Conclusions There is substantial variation in the prevalence of GDM by country of origin. Women of South Asian, East Asian and Middle Eastern/North African origin had the highest risk for GDM and may warrant special attention.

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“…In Norway, the prevalence of GDM is now around 6%, after a threefold increase over the last decade (2). Among immigrant women, the prevalence of GDM is higher than in Norwegian women, and the risk of GDM increases with years of residence (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Gestational diabetes mellitus follow-up in Norwegian primary health care: a qualitative study

2021

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BackgroundWomen with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a tenfold increased risk of developing diabetes, and a high risk of recurrent GDM. Endorsing the life-course approach aiming to prevent disease and promote health across generations, the Norwegian GDM guideline recommends follow-up in primary care after delivery, with information on the increased risks, lifestyle counselling, and annual diabetes screening. Few reports exist on Norwegian women’s experiences of GDM follow-up. AimTo elucidate women’s experiences with follow-up of GDM in pregnancy and after delivery, and to explore their attitudes to diabetes risk and motivation for lifestyle changes. Design & settingQualitative study in primary care in the region of Stavanger, Norway. MethodSemi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted 24–30 months after delivery with 14 women aged 28–44 years, with a history of GDM. Data were analysed thematically. ResultsMost women were satisfied with the follow-up during pregnancy; however, only two women were followed-up according to the guideline after delivery. In most encounters with GPs after delivery, GDM was not mentioned. To continue the healthy lifestyle adopted in pregnancy, awareness of future risk was a motivational factor, and the women asked for tailored information on individual risk and improved support. The main themes emerging from the analysis were as follows: stigma and shame; uncertainty; gaining control and finding balance; and a need for support to sustain change. ConclusionWomen experienced a lack of support for GDM in Norwegian primary care after delivery. To maintain a healthy lifestyle, women suggested being given tailored information and improved support.

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Gestational diabetes mellitus by maternal country of birth and length of residence in immigrant women in Norway

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Disparities in cardiometabolic risk profiles and gestational diabetes mellitus by nativity and acculturation: findings from 2016–2017 National Health Interview Survey

Disparities in cardiometabolic risk profiles and gestational diabetes mellitus by nativity and acculturation: findings from 2016–2017 National Health Interview Survey

Gestational diabetes among women of migrant origin in Finland—a population-based study

Gestational diabetes mellitus follow-up in Norwegian primary health care: a qualitative study

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