Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Syndrome with Phenotypic and Genotypic Heterogeneity

Freinkel, Norbert; Metzger, Boyd E.; Phelps, Richard; Simpson, J. L.; Martın, Alice O.; Radvany, Ruta; Ober, Carole; Dooley, Sharon L.; Depp, Richard; Belton, Anne

doi:10.1055/s-2007-1012338

Cited by 50 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Although classical MHC class II molecules HLA-DR3 and DR4 were not found to be related to GDM [20], recent studies have found genetic evidence from PPARG, KCNJ11, TCF2/HNF1B, and WFS1 or HNF4A that is related to dysfunctional pancreatic b-cell secretion and GDM, suggesting new possibilities for the study of GDM [21, 22]. …”

Section: Gestational Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possible Role of Epigenetics in Gestational Diabetes: Cause, Consequence, or Both

Fernández-Morera

Rodríguez-Rodero

Torre

et al. 2010

Obstetrics and Gynecology International

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as the glucose intolerance that is not present or recognized prior to pregnancy. Several risk factors of GDM depend on environmental factors that are thought to regulate the genome through epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, epigenetic regulation could be involved in the development of GDM. In addition, the adverse intrauterine environment in patients with GDM could also have a negative impact on the establishment of the epigenomes of the offspring.

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Section: Gestational Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possible Role of Epigenetics in Gestational Diabetes: Cause, Consequence, or Both

Fernández-Morera

Rodríguez-Rodero

Torre

et al. 2010

Obstetrics and Gynecology International

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“…This 'fuel mediated teratogenesis' induces fetal hyperglycemia, subsequent hyperinsulinemia and promotes fetal adiposity [92,93].…”

Section: Insulin and The Potential For Aberrant Fetal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

An examination of maternal contributors and potential modifiers of fetal growth in pregnancy

Ferraro

2013

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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A greater understanding of critical periods of body weight regulation, including pregnancy, may aid in efforts to optimize weight management strategies for the mother and her baby.The gestational period has been implicated to play, in the child, a vital role in the developmental origins of obesity and other cardiometabolic diseases later in life. Therefore, we initially examined existing literature on the role of maternal obesity and its link to pediatric obesity and documented the known underlying physiological mechanisms responsible for this relationship while suggesting potential intervention targets that may improve maternal-fetal outcomes. In a second paper, we aimed to quantify maternal predictors of large for gestational age (LGA) neonates in the Ottawa and Kingston (OaK) birth cohort with specific hypotheses verifying the independent contribution of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) to fetal overgrowth. This paper also highlights the clinical utility of the revised 2009 Institute of Medicine GWG guidelines and discusses the potential role of physiological factors underlying the observed associations between BMI, excessive GWG and LGA neonates. As a follow-up to our population-level analysis (i.e., OAK cohort), papers three and four highlight how the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis, a vital regulator of growth and development, may be compromised at the molecular level in cases of maternal obesity (paper 3) and excessive GWG (paper 4). In paper 3 we show that maternal obesity is associated with attenuated expression of IGF binding protein-4 (IGFBP4) in umbilical cord blood and discuss how this may preferentially promote fetal adipogenesis. The effects of excessive GWG on IGF axis protein expression are addressed in paper four where we show iii that excessive weight gain during pregnancy is associated with increased expression of IGFBP3 in maternal circulation in normoglycemic term pregnancies. In this paper we discuss the potential inhibitory role of IGFBP3 on adipogenesis and how it relates to glucose intolerance during pregnancy. Recognizing that both obesity and excessive GWG can alter physiological processes in mother and her baby, appropriate evidence-based interventions are warranted to best optimize outcomes. In paper five, we discuss the results of a study which sought to assess patient information channels and knowledge of nutrition and physical activity during pregnancy with the intent that these findings be applied to best design efficacious strategies that cater to the needs of our target group of pregnant women. In our analysis we show that the majority of pregnant women studied would be willing to participate in a lifestyle intervention for their own personal health and that of their child. Of great interest was the observation that most women were not informed of the importance of pregnancy-specific energy intake, or made aware of their own healthy GWG targets. Additionally, many of the respondents reported receiving no info...

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“…Freinkel et al (56) examined whether HLA antigens were associated with GDM. They observed that HLA DR3 and DR4 antigens were uncommon overall, but nonetheless in higher frequency in women with GDM than in women with normal pregnancies.…”

Section: Candidate Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Type 2 Diabetes

et al. 2007

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Syndrome with Phenotypic and Genotypic Heterogeneity

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

The Possible Role of Epigenetics in Gestational Diabetes: Cause, Consequence, or Both

The Possible Role of Epigenetics in Gestational Diabetes: Cause, Consequence, or Both

An examination of maternal contributors and potential modifiers of fetal growth in pregnancy

Genetics of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Type 2 Diabetes

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