Spectral indices processed from satellite data have been widely used to assess changes in land use and land cover, mainly focusing on the detection of water bodies in large areas. This article analyzed the spatial distribution of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) using data from the MSI -Sentinel 2 sensor, in the semiarid region that comprises part of the territory of the Moxotó river basin in Pernambuco. When analyzing the dates of the images that covered periods considered rainy and dry in 2019, the dynamics of the spatial behavior of the study area was evidenced. The NDVI presented mean values equal to 0.404; 0.343; 0.179; 0.162;0.158 and 0.273, referring to June, July, September, October, November and December 2019, respectively. In the visualization of the NDVI through the georeferenced charts, a decrease was evidenced over the months and an increase in the last month studied. A similar behavior was detected in the NDWI, with a decrease over the months, except in December, which reached an average value of -0.260. In addition, from the NDWI it was possible to calculate the surface area of the Poço da Cruz reservoir, which had a slight decrease during the surveyed months. The MSI -Sentinel-2 sensor processed in the open-access software QGIS allowed the delineation of targets due to its greater spatial resolution, mainly in the Poço da Cruz reservoir in the municipality of Ibimirim and the stretch of the São Francisco River integration channel.