Geschichte Europas in der Frühen Neuzeit

Schorn-Schütte, Luise

doi:10.36198/9783838587400

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…This act of protest was directed against Ferdinand II, the newly appointed King of Bohemia (emperor from 1619 to 1637), who strongly advocated strict Catholic values and posed a threat to the religious freedom that had been granted to the Bohemian Estates by his predecessor, Rudolf II (emperor from 1576 to 1612), in 1609. In defiance, the Bohemian Estates proclaimed Frederick V of the Palatinate as their king (Schorn-Schütte, 2009). Despite their initial military successes, the Bohemian Estates were eventually defeated by the Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II, in the Battle of White Mountain on 8 November 1620.…”

Section: The Thirty Years' Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1625, the Danish king, Christian IV, joined the war, leading to the Danish-Lower Saxonian War (1625War ( -1629. This conflict concluded in 1629 with victory for the Emperor, resulting in his control over the northern part of the Holy Roman Empire as well (Kaiser, 2005;Schorn-Schütte, 2009;Rebitsch et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Thirty Years' Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the peace achieved was not a long-lasting one, as the following century and a half witnessed numerous conflicts and further warfare (Völker-Rasor, 2010). During this period, war was considered a "natural condition between states" (Schorn-Schütte, 2009).…”

Section: The Thirty Years' Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many Imperial Estates, including some Catholic ones, did not accept the Emperor's authority as pre-eminent (Kaiser, 2005). The treaty recognized three Christian denominations: Catholics, Lutherans, and Calvinists (Schorn-Schütte, 2009). A return to the status quo was exemplified by the "normal year" of 1624 (Brendle, 2010;Dürr, 2010).…”

Section: The Thirty Years' Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weather and climate and their human impacts and responses during the Thirty Years' War in central Europe

Brázdil,

Dobrovolný,

Pfister

et al. 2023

Clim. Past

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Abstract. The Thirty Years' War, which took place from 1618 to 1648 CE, was an armed military conflict in Europe. It resulted from the culmination of theological differences between advocates of the Roman Catholic and Protestant churches, as well as a power struggle for European political hegemony. This war brought about extensive devastation to Europe. Based on documentary evidence, this paper characterizes the climate, weather extremes, and economic and socio-political events in central Europe during that time. Natural climate forcing indicates a gradual climate deterioration during the first half of the 17th century, associated with a decrease in solar activity towards the Maunder Minimum and increased volcanic activity. The mean temperatures in central Europe from 1618 to 1648 were significantly colder than the reference period of 1961 to 1990 in winter, autumn, and annually, while precipitation and drought means did not differ significantly from the reference period. Summer temperatures, spring precipitation, and drought also exhibited significantly greater variability. As for weather extremes, particularly late winter, late spring and early autumn frosts, floods, intense rain spells, and droughts affected grain, fruit, and vine grape harvests, as well as the yields of other crops. These weather extremes contributed to various human impacts, such as food shortages (reflecting harvests and grain prices), famines, and epidemics. Ultimately, these events, along with the effects of the war, led to a decline in the population. The results obtained are discussed within the broader European context, taking into account climate, weather extremes, and socio-economic impacts.

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Section: The Thirty Years' Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Thirty Years' Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Thirty Years' Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Thirty Years' Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Weather and climate and their human impacts and responses during the Thirty Years' War in central Europe

Brázdil,

Dobrovolný,

Pfister

et al. 2023

Clim. Past

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“…bspw. Wunder 1992;Schorn-Schütte 1991;Roper 1995). Während die Studien über die Heraufkunft der bürgerlichen Lebenswelten im 19.…”

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”Mama, fühlst Du Dich nicht unterdrückt?”

Riemann¹

2023

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Die Erzählung von Frau Hoffmann über ihre Anfangsjahre als Pfarrfrau bezeugt beispielhaft eine Erfahrung dieser Zeit: sie gab – wie andere Frauen auch - mit ihrer Heirat ihre außerhäusige Erwerbstätigkeit auf und widmete sich ihren Aufgaben in Haus, Familie und im Fall der Pfarrfrauen in besonderer Weise der Gemeinde. Sie konnte dies ohne ein Gefühl des Verzichtes tun, weil sich ihr ein weites Handlungsfeld eröffnete, dessen Stärke gerade aus den informellen Bezügen in der Gemeinde sowie der gleichzeitigen Nähe zum geistlichen Amt erwuchs und gerade nicht auf einer Ausbildung und der Bezahlung beruhte. Die Jahre, über die Frau Hoffmann erzählte, waren von einer Konsolidierung der Nachkriegsverhältnisse und einem enormen Wirtschaftswachstum geprägt, mit dem sich die bundesrepublikanische Gesellschaft in eine Konsumgesellschaft verwandelte. Wie sind die Äußerungen von Frau Hoffmann zu verstehen? Sind ihre Erinnerungen ein Beispiel für die weit verbreitete Vorstellung, die Kirche hinke den gesellschaftlichen und insbesondere den arbeitsmarktpolitischen Entwicklungen hinterher?

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Die Autonomiestädte der Frühen Neuzeit

Haas¹,

Schürrer²

2023

ZHF

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Geschichte Europas in der Frühen Neuzeit

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Weather and climate and their human impacts and responses during the Thirty Years' War in central Europe

Weather and climate and their human impacts and responses during the Thirty Years' War in central Europe

”Mama, fühlst Du Dich nicht unterdrückt?”

Die Autonomiestädte der Frühen Neuzeit

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