Geschichte der Chirurgie des vorderen Kreuzbandes

Abstract

Early comments on the anterior cruciate ligament were found in ancient literature, and the first scientific reports were published in the nineteenth century. The first surgical treatment of a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament was carried out in 1895 by Robson performing a primary suture of the torn ligament. In 1903 F. Lange suggested a complete replacement of the injured ligament using silk ligaments and in 1914 Grekow was probably the first who recommended autogenous transplants by using a fascia lata strip. In 1917 Hey-Groves presented his surgical technique that was the fundament for reconstruction surgery in the following years. Today, the autogenous transplant is accepted to be the golden standard for replacement of the injured anterior cruciate ligament. The bone-tendon-bone transplant of the patellar ligament and the semitendinosus or gracilis tendon are recommended by most surgeons. In the history of anterior cruciate ligament surgery, the surgical technique of the operative procedures has also changed. The evolution started with open arthrotomy followed by mini-arthrotomy and led to arthroscopically assisted replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament.

The Value of Conservative Treatment in Ruptures of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

“…In all cases the ACL was completely ruptured, proven by a magnetic resonance imaging scan (MRI). The mean time interval between the rupture and the diagnosis by an MRI was 7.8 (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) days. The mean patients' age was 35 (16 -53; 20 females, 18 males).…”

“…Since that time, no other orthopedic malady has developed such a variety of different operative procedures. 1 During the last 20 years the majority of published articles have agreed that operative reconstruction is the accepted method to treat the acute complete ACL rupture. 2,3,4,5 On the other hand, several authors commented that there were higher osteoarthritis rates in knees after operative ACL reconstruction than in nonoperated knees.…”

Biomechanics of the anterior cruciate ligament: Physiology, rupture and reconstruction techniques

“…In 1903, Lange proposed an alloplastic ACL reconstruction with a silk graft [5] . Grekow described in 1914 the first autologous transplant with a free iliotibial tractus stripe [5] . From that moment, different autologous grafts have been used for transplantation.…”

“…Persistent instability of the knee may be associated with long-term degenerative lesions. Surgical treatment of the ACL in the context of other injured structures and reconstruction of the intact joint kinematics are suggested to be the keys to a good clinical outcome [5,6] . …”

“…In 1895, Robson [62] directly sewed the ACL in place via open medial arthrotomy. In 1903, Lange proposed an alloplastic ACL reconstruction with a silk graft [5] . Grekow described in 1914 the first autologous transplant with a free iliotibial tractus stripe [5] .…”