Germplasm resources and genetic breeding of Paeonia: a systematic review

Abstract

Members of the genus Paeonia, which consists of globally renowned ornamentals and traditional medicinal plants with a rich history spanning over 1500 years, are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Since 1900, over 2200 new horticultural Paeonia cultivars have been created by the discovery and breeding of wild species. However, information pertaining to Paeonia breeding is considerably fragmented, with fundamental gaps in knowledge, creating a bottleneck in effective breeding strategies. This review systematically introduces Paeonia germplasm resources, including wild species and cultivars, summarizes the breeding strategy and results of each Paeonia cultivar group, and focuses on recent progress in the isolation and functional characterization of structural and regulatory genes related to important horticultural traits. Perspectives pertaining to the resource protection and utilization, breeding and industrialization of Paeonia in the future are also briefly discussed.

Links between Biomass of (Cremastra Appendiculata) Stems Cuticle and Elevation by Big Data of Long-Time Wild Investigation in Mei County

“…There is a long-time investigation of the correlations among biomass of stems cuticle of medicinal plant species and elevation from 2005 to 2019. Investigation of "big data" included that biomass of stems cuticle or other index of medicinal plant species along different elevation and environmental gradient by previous our researches [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

“…More and more research has assessed the correlation among biomass (average height, numbers, biodiversity, structure) of plant species and elevation from biomass (average height, numbers. biodiversity, structure) of the medicinal plant perspective (Table 1) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], for better future of human health (ecosystems) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. However, medicinal species with typical history spanning over 1500 years, as well as areas ecological adaptation of a lot of fresh biomass weight of medical species are unknown, and cognitive ecological theory of the links between fresh biomass weight of medicinal species and elevation can be unknown along elevation and environments [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Genomic Resource Development for Hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.)—A Transcriptome Assembly and a High-Density Genetic Linkage Map

“…The insufficient number of molecular markers and unavailability of any genotyping platform has largely hampered the ability to perform linkage and association mapping for molecular-trait dissection studies in hydrangea. To date, only one linkage map was reported in hydrangea, but with low SSR marker density [13], which is much lower than the number of linkage maps reported in roses (eight) [14], peony (three) [15], and chrysanthemum (three) [16]. In addition to providing tools for MAS, high-density linkage maps could also be used to assist genome assembly in scaffolding and quality assessments [17].…”

Analysis of Chemical Components in the Roots of Eight Intersubgeneric Hybrids of Paeonia

“…Thus, the cross between P. lactiflora (herbaceous peony) and tree peony was revised as an intersubgeneric cross. Intersubgeneric hybrids of Paeonia , also known as the Itoh hybrids, are a new ornamental plant group of Paeonia formed by artificial hybridization between herbaceous peony and tree peony [17] . Since the first batch of Itoh hybrid cultivars bred by Toichi Itoh were introduced to the USA in 1974, they quickly caused a sensation in the field of ornamental horticulture, and many breeders have been carrying out similar breeding work.…”