Germline-specific H1 variants: the “sexy” linker histones

Pérez-Montero, Salvador; Carbonell, Albert; Azorı́n, Fernando

doi:10.1007/s00412-015-0517-x

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Our work corroborates previous studies [16, 42, 43, 46] showing that hydrozoans lack P- and PL-type SNPBs. Instead, four H2B histone variants are expressed either exclusively (H2B.3, H2B.5, H2B.6) or preferentially (H2B.4) in developing sperm.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…There are five such repeats in H2B.5, six in H2B.3 and H2B6, and seven in H2B.4 (Additional file 8: S8). Such four amino acid repeats have been found before in the N termini of sea urchin H1s and H2Bs, and they are thought to facilitate the dense packaging of sperm DNA in the absence of protamines [14, 16, 42, 43, 46–48]. ‘SPKK’ repeats are also present in Drosophila and zebrafish CENP-A [49] as well as angiosperm plant heterochromatin-specific H2A.W [50].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydractinia H1.2 upregulation in male polyps suggests that this histone plays a role in sperm development. Distinct H1 variants in males exist in various animals [46]. For example, the sperm-specific H1 variants H1fx and H1B.Sp in Xenopus [57], the SpH1 from the sea urchin Parechinus angulosus [58] and the mammal H1 variants H1T, HILS1 and H1T2 have all been shown to be involved in spermatogenesis (see references in [46]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The cnidarian Hydractinia echinata employs canonical and highly adapted histones to pack its DNA

Török

Schiffer

Schnitzler

et al. 2016

Epigenetics & Chromatin

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BackgroundCnidarians are a group of early branching animals including corals, jellyfish and hydroids that are renowned for their high regenerative ability, growth plasticity and longevity. Because cnidarian genomes are conventional in terms of protein-coding genes, their remarkable features are likely a consequence of epigenetic regulation. To facilitate epigenetics research in cnidarians, we analysed the histone complement of the cnidarian model organism Hydractinia echinata using phylogenomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and mRNA in situ hybridisations.ResultsWe find that the Hydractinia genome encodes 19 histones and analyse their spatial expression patterns, genomic loci and replication-dependency. Alongside core and other replication-independent histone variants, we find several histone replication-dependent variants, including a rare replication-dependent H3.3, a female germ cell-specific H2A.X and an unusual set of five H2B variants, four of which are male germ cell-specific. We further confirm the absence of protamines in Hydractinia.ConclusionsSince no protamines are found in hydroids, we suggest that the novel H2B variants are pivotal for sperm DNA packaging in this class of Cnidaria. This study adds to the limited number of full histone gene complements available in animals and sets a comprehensive framework for future studies on the role of histones and their post-translational modifications in cnidarian epigenetics. Finally, it provides insight into the evolution of spermatogenesis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13072-016-0085-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The cnidarian Hydractinia echinata employs canonical and highly adapted histones to pack its DNA

Török

Schiffer

Schnitzler

et al. 2016

Epigenetics & Chromatin

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“…, 2006; Fu et al. , 2015; vanHeesbeen et al. , 2016) but how these modifications affect motor behavior in vitro and in vivo is incompletely understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Kif15 localization and motility by the C-terminus of TPX2 and microtubule dynamics

Mann

Balchand

Wadsworth

2017

MBoC

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“…The expression of H1 variants is differentially regulated during mammalian development and cellular differentiation [13–19]. H1a through H1e are the main types of H1 ubiquitously expressed in somatic cells, yet their expression is tightly regulated with distinct levels in different tissues and cell types [14, 15, 20, 21].…”

Section: Overview: Histone H1 and Its Variants In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of H1 linker histones in mammalian development and stem cell differentiation

Pan

Fan

2016

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanism

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H1 linker histones are key chromatin architectural proteins facilitating the formation of higher order chromatin structures. The H1 family constitutes the most heterogeneous group of histone proteins, with eleven non-allelic H1 variants in mammals. H1 variants differ in their biochemical properties and exhibit significant sequence divergence from one another, yet most of them are highly conserved during evolution from mouse to human. H1 variants are differentially regulated during development and their cellular compositions undergo dramatic changes in embryogenesis, gametogenesis, tissue maturation and cellular differentiation. As a group, H1 histones are essential for mouse development and proper stem cell differentiation. Here we summarize our current knowledge on the expression and functions of H1 variants in mammalian development and stem cell differentiation. Their diversity, sequence conservation, complex expression and distinct functions suggest that H1s mediate chromatin reprogramming and contribute to the large variations and complexity of chromatin structure and gene expression in the mammalian genome.

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Germline-specific H1 variants: the “sexy” linker histones

Cited by 32 publications

References 122 publications

The cnidarian Hydractinia echinata employs canonical and highly adapted histones to pack its DNA

The cnidarian Hydractinia echinata employs canonical and highly adapted histones to pack its DNA

Regulation of Kif15 localization and motility by the C-terminus of TPX2 and microtubule dynamics

Role of H1 linker histones in mammalian development and stem cell differentiation

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