Germination of Spores of<i>Bacillus Subtilis</i>by High Pressure

Setlow, Peter

doi:10.1002/9780470376409.ch2

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Spores are much more resistant than growing cells to extremely high pressures (HPs), and they are also germinated by HP (77). The germination of spores, in particular, the release of spores' DPA, is an essential step leading to spore inactivation by HP, which is most often by an elevated temperature (77)(78)(79)(80). The reason for spores' high resistance to HP is not known, but this does not require either α/β-type SASPs or an intact spore coat.…”

Section: Miscellaneous Spore Resistance Properties High Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Spore Resistance Properties

2014

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Spores of various Bacillus and Clostridium species are among the most resistant life forms known. Since the spores of some species are causative agents of much food spoilage, food poisoning, and human disease, and the spores of Bacillus anthracis are a major bioweapon, there is much interest in the mechanisms of spore resistance and how these spores can be killed. This article will discuss the factors involved in spore resistance to agents such as wet and dry heat, desiccation, UV and γ-radiation, enzymes that hydrolyze bacterial cell walls, and a variety of toxic chemicals, including genotoxic agents, oxidizing agents, aldehydes, acid, and alkali. These resistance factors include the outer layers of the spore, such as the thick proteinaceous coat that detoxifies reactive chemicals; the relatively impermeable inner spore membrane that restricts access of toxic chemicals to the spore core containing the spore's DNA and most enzymes; the low water content and high level of dipicolinic acid in the spore core that protect core macromolecules from the effects of heat and desiccation; the saturation of spore DNA with a novel group of proteins that protect the DNA against heat, genotoxic chemicals, and radiation; and the repair of radiation damage to DNA when spores germinate and return to life. Despite their extreme resistance, spores can be killed, including by damage to DNA, crucial spore proteins, the spore's inner membrane, and one or more components of the spore germination apparatus.

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Section: Miscellaneous Spore Resistance Properties High Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Spore Resistance Properties

2014

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“…, ; Black et al . ; Setlow ), and thus such a HP treatment bypasses the need for nutrient germinants to permeate through spores’ outer layers (Butzin et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

High pressure germination ofBacillus subtilisspores with alterations in levels and types of germination proteins

et al. 2014

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“…The extent of germination varies, among other factors, according to the growth medium, processing temperature and test organism (Black et al ., 2005), and the incapacity to achieve full spore germination is unfortunately, to date, still limiting this second alternative for food sterilization (Gould, 2006;Setlow, 2007). This underlines one of the current challenges of spore inactivation by pressure, namely the lack of mechanistic knowledge on how this hurdle impacts on the bacterial spores.…”

Section: Effect Of Hpp On Bacterial Sporesmentioning

confidence: 89%