Germination of Crotalaria and Lupinus (Fabaceae) seeds submitted to different pre-germination treatments and their effect on enzymatic activity during early germination

Abstract

<jats:p>Abstract Most of the wild and native legume seeds has a hard and impermeable testa, which causes physical dormancy and prevents them from germinating even when environmental conditions are favorable. The study evaluated the effect of scarification treatments on germination and enzymatic activity of Crotalaria longirostrata (Cl) and Lupinus exaltatus (Le) seeds. After scarification treatments, germination percentage (GP) and rate (GR) were assessed during 30 days after seeding (DAS); and water absorption (WA) and specific enzymatic activity (SEA) during early germination (0, 6, 18, 36, 72, 120 h) in a growing chamber at 25 °C and photoperiod of 12 h. Scarification with 98% H2SO4 15 min increased GP and GR in both species. At 30 DAS, GP and GR of Le seeds were 34% and 0.97 seeds day-1, respectively. In Cl seeds, GP was 64% and GR 0.90 seeds day-1. Scarification with H2O at 80 °C 1 min also promoted germination in Cl (52%). At 120 h after seeding, Le and Cl seeds showed already a high GP with acid scarification (31% and 48%, respectively). In seeds of both species, scarification treatments affected WA and SEA during early germination. During this period, scarification treatments that increased GP also showed a higher α-D-galactosidase activity. The maximum enzyme activity was observed 72 h after hot water scarification in Cl (82.6 U/mg total protein), followed by acid scarification (54.5 U/mg total protein). In Le, the activity peak was 36 h after acid scarification (9.5 U/mg total protein). No relationship was observed between β-glucosidase activity and GP in both species. In conclusion, during early germination of both species, the increase in GP is accompanied by a rise in α-D-galactosidase activity between 36 and 72 h after seeding; and in Cl seeds, an alternative scarification treatment to increase GP may be the use of hot water.</jats:p>

Insectos asociados a Crotalaria longirostrata Hook. & Arn. (Fabales: fabaceae) en La Chontalpa, Tabasco, México

“…Las semillas para la siembra se obtuvieron de un huerto familiar localizado a 6 km de El Recinto. Para liberar de la latencia a las semillas, éstas se colocaron en agua caliente a 80°C durante un minuto (Garduza-Acosta et al 2020), luego se pasaron por un tamiz para eliminar el exceso de agua. El área de siembra de 10 x 10 m se preparó eliminando la maleza manualmente y formando cuatro surcos de tierra de 20 cm de alto, 20 cm de ancho y 10 m de largo, con distancia de 1.5 m entre surcos.…”

Comportamiento Productivo Del Cultivo De Soya Variedad Salcer a Diferentes Densidades De Población Y Momentos De Cosecha

“…En la alimentación de rumiantes, las leguminosas forrajeras utilizadas como suplemento en dietas de baja calidad, solas o asociadas con gramíneas, en los periodos de escasez han demostrado mantener o incrementar la ganancia diaria de peso (González et al, 2012;Reyes et al, 2012;Torres et al, 2020) y producción de leche (Azzaz et al, 2016;Castro-Montoya et al, 2019). Las leguminosas forman parte de los ecosistemas naturales y cultivados (Fraile et al, 2007;Garduza-Acosta et al, 2020), tienen la habilidad de establecer una relación simbiótica con bacterias del genero Rhizobium, lo que permite la fijación de nitrógeno atmosférico al suelo (Gulwa et al, 2018;Pratap et al, 2021), son vitales en la resiliencia a los efectos del cambio climático y participan en la seguridad alimentaria (Liew et al, 2014); sin embargo, la adopción y establecimiento de praderas de leguminosas forrajeras y su uso en la alimentación del ganado es poco común en México (Schultze-Kraft et al, 2018), debido al desconocimiento o falta de información sobre el manejo agronómico, como es el caso de la densidad de población de especies de calidad, adaptadas a las condiciones edafoclimáticas del trópico seco (Enríquez y Quero, 2006;Sosa et al, 2008).…”