Germination Characteristics of Raphanus raphanistrum. I. Laboratory Studies

Mekenian, Michael R.; Willemsen, Roger

doi:10.2307/2484141

Cited by 38 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…This is not an absolute characteristic, and Gutterman (1994) found that prickly lettuce seeds germinated more rapidly in the light, whereas Marks and Prince (1982) reported that seeds from prickly lettuce populations in the United Kingdom required light for germination at constant temperatures (158C), but not at fluctuating temperatures, which may be a conditional dormancy mechanism. Wild radish germination is greatest for seeds placed in the dark (Mekenian and Willemsen 1975) and shallow burial (1 cm) of wild radish seeds enhances dormancy breaking (Cheam 1986).…”

Section: Recruitment Characteristics Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the recruitment biology of winter annual weeds in Canada

Cici¹,

Acker²

2009

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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A review of the recruitment biology of winter annual weeds in Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: 575Á589. Typically, summer annual weeds have been the primary management target for field crop farmers in Canada, but with changes in cropping systems and with acknowledged global climate change there will be an increasing need to consider the management of species that are present very early in the spring, including winter annual weeds. Knowledge of weed recruitment biology and emergence patterns can be used to guide weed management practices. A review was conducted of the recruitment biology of winter annual weeds in Canada. The key finding was that all of the significant winter annual weeds in Canadian agriculture are facultative, with the majority of species emerging at two peak periods, AprilÁMay and SeptemberÁOctober. For the weed species included in this review, the information available on recruitment and seed biology was far from comprehensive, and for some species there was very little published information, in particular on specific base temperatures for germination, documented field-based emergence periods and data that could be used to create simple predictive population dynamics models, including fecundity () environment), seed longevity and overwintering probability. This is particularly true with respect to information in Canadian agricultural contexts. A number of questions result from this review, a key one being whether spring versus fall emergence creates significant differences in fundamental biological characteristics of winter annual weeds including seed dormancy status, microsite requirements, phenology, plant vigour and competitive ability. Given that none of the winter annuals in Canada are constitutive and given ongoing climate change, farmers in Canada should be careful not to encourage summer annuals to become winter annuals. Movement away from fall weed management, including tillage and repeated sowing of winter annual crops will encourage facultative winter annual behaviour. In addition, farmers should be wary of invasion by populations of persistent winter annuals including stinkweed, chickweed and American dragonhead. Habituellement, quand ils ge`rent leurs cultures, les agriculteurs canadiens prennent surtout pour cible les adventices annuelles d'e´te´. Cependant, l'e´volution des syste`mes agricoles et le changement climatique exigeront qu'on se penche de plus en plus sur les espe`ces pre´sentes tre`s toˆt au printemps, notamment les adventices annuelles d'hiver. Mieux connaıˆtre la biologie du recrutement des mauvaises herbes et la leve´e de ces dernie`res pourrait nous guider dans les me´thodes de lutte. Les auteurs ont passe´en revue ce qu'on sait sur la biologie du recrutement des adventices annuelles d'hiver au Canada. Leur principale constatation est que les grandes adventices annuelles d'hiver canadiennes sont toutes de type facultatif, la majorite´levant durant deux pe´riodes, soit d'avril a`mai et de septembre a`octobre. En ce qui concerne les adventices examine´es dans le cadr...

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Section: Recruitment Characteristics Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the recruitment biology of winter annual weeds in Canada

Cici¹,

Acker²

2009

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…There is extensive literature describing the germination responses of seeds to changes in temperature (Popay and Roberts 1970a, 19706;Baskin and Baskin 1972;Mekenian and Willemsen 1975), the range of temperature fluctuations (Cohen 1958;Hussey 1958;Edwards 1968;Thompson et al 1977;Rice 1985), light intensity (Kinzel 1926;Ratcliffe 1961;Wesson andWareing 1969a, 1969b), light spectral composition (Gorski 1975;King 1975;Gorski et al 1977;Silvertown 1980), and the concentrations of various chemicals (Kidd 1914;Kidd and West 1917;Edwards 1968;Popay and Roberts 1970a, 19706). Many of these responses can be interpreted as ways of preventing germination in a hostile environment (Baskin andBaskin 1971, 1974;Fenner 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination Biology and the Ecology of Annual Plants

Rees¹,

Long²

1992

The American Naturalist

110

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Ahsrracr.-We derive spatially explicit population models for the interaction between a species of annual plant and a community of perennial species. The models are used to explore the conditions for persistence of the annual in both a constant and a stochastic environment. In both types of environment a seed's response to the presence of established perennial plants is found to affect strongly the conditions for persistence. Sensitivity analysis of a parameterized version of the model indicates the importance of germination and mortality parameters in allowing persistence. In the parameterized model large changes in fecundity have little effect on the condition for persistence. The implications of these results for the distribution of annual plants and the forces structuring communities of short-lived plants in successional habitats are discussed.

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“…presence of pericarps in Petri dishes with seeds significantly inhibited germination in 1-, 2and 3-month-old seeds. A combination of mechanical resistance and chemical inhibitors was responsible for the low germination percentages of seeds of Raphanus raphanistrum inside the indehiscent fruits (Mekenian and Willemsen, 1975). 3; Lu et al, unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Brassicaceae includes many species with dry dehiscent as well as those with dry indehiscent fruits, and previous research on the effect of the pericarp on germination reveals that it may prevent germination in this family (Mekenian and Willemsen, 1975;Cheam, 1986;Cousens et al, 2010;Lu et al, 2010;Ohadi et al, 2011;Mamut et al, 2014). To understand the germination ecology of species with such fruits, the role of the pericarp in delaying and/or promoting germination must be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed dormancy in six cold desert Brassicaceae species with indehiscent fruits

Zhou

Tan

et al. 2015

Seed Sci. Res.

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The dispersal unit of many species of Brassicaceae is an indehiscent fruit, but relatively few studies have tested the effect of the pericarp on seed germination in this family. Our aim was to determine the effect of the pericarp on seed dormancy in six species of Brassicaceae native to the cold desert of north-west China. Intact dispersal units and isolated seeds of Chorispora sibirica, Euclidium syriacum, Goldbachia laevigata, Spirorrhynchus sabulosus, Sterigmostemum fuhaiense and Tauscheria lasiocarpa were stored dry at ambient laboratory conditions for 0 -12 months and tested for germination in light and in dark at 5/2, 15/2 and 30/158C. The amount of water absorbed by fruits and by seeds within the fruits was determined. For four species, intact fruits, isolated seeds and isolated seeds plus the removed pericarps were used to test for the mechanical versus possible chemical role of the pericarp in seed dormancy. Fresh isolated seeds, which have a fully developed embryo, germinated to lower percentages and rates than afterripened seeds. Thus, seeds have non-deep physiological dormancy. The pericarp significantly reduced germination, but inhibition was not due to lack of water uptake by seeds or to chemical inhibitors. Afterripened seeds of the six species germinated to 0 -50% inside the fruits. We conclude that the pericarp plays a dominant role in seed dormancy of the six study species, and it does so by mechanically restricting embryo growth. Thus, the pericarp has the potential to spread germination over an extended period of time.

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Germination Characteristics of Raphanus raphanistrum. I. Laboratory Studies

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

A review of the recruitment biology of winter annual weeds in Canada

A review of the recruitment biology of winter annual weeds in Canada

Germination Biology and the Ecology of Annual Plants

Seed dormancy in six cold desert Brassicaceae species with indehiscent fruits

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