Germination characteristic of <i>Silphium perfoliatum</i> L. seeds

Gansberger, Markus; Stüger, Hans-Peter; Weinhappel, M.; Moder, Karl; Liebhard, P.; Gehren, Philipp von; Mayr, J.; Ratzenböck, Andreas

doi:10.1515/boku-2017-0007

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Using a screening machine with a set of rounded hole sieves (8.5 mm), followed by elongated hole sieves (3 mm and 1.5 mm) and a weight reader, and resulted in a minimum seed viability of 97.5%, filtering about 50% of the starting material at the end of the process. Gansberger et al [101], emphasized the need to treat S. perfoliatum seeds to increase germination and observed the positive effects of gibberellic acid, alternating light, and temperature regimes (12 h at 20/30 • C), and chilling to enhance germination capacity.…”

Section: Establishment By Sowingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Novel Energy Crops: Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby and Silphium perfoliatum L.—State of Knowledge

et al. 2020

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Current global temperature increases resulting from human activity threaten many ecosystems and societies, and have led to international and national policy commitments that aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Bioenergy crops provide one means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from energy production and two novel crops that could be used for this purpose are Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby and Silphium perfoliatum L. This research examined the existing scientific literature available on both crops through a systematic review. The data were collated according to the agronomy, uses, and environmental benefits of each crop. Possible challenges were associated with high initial planting costs, low yields in low rainfall areas, and for Sida hermaphrodita, vulnerability to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. However, under appropriate environmental conditions, both crops were found to provide large yields over sustained periods of time with relatively low levels of management and could be used to produce large energy surpluses, either through direct combustion or biogas production. Other potential uses included fodder, fibre, and pharmaceutical uses. Environmental benefits included the potential for phytoremediation, and improvements to soil health, biodiversity, and pollination. The review also demonstrated that environmental benefits, such as pollination, soil health, and water quality benefits could be obtained from the use of Sida hermaphrodita and Silphium perfoliatum relative to existing bioenergy crops such as maize, whilst at the same time reducing the greenhouse gas emissions associated with energy production. Future research should examine the long-term implications of using Sida hermaphrodita and Silphium perfoliatum as well as improve knowledge on how to integrate them successfully within existing farming systems and supply chains.

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Section: Establishment By Sowingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Novel Energy Crops: Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby and Silphium perfoliatum L.—State of Knowledge

et al. 2020

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“…The germination capacity can be considerably increased when seeds are pretreated with a chemical solution (GA 3 and KNO 3 ) rather than only supplied with water for germination. The same study found that the best germination was achieved when a dark-light cycle (12:12) was applied with a temperature alternating between 20 and 30 • C, preceded by wet stratification, for seven days, at 0 • C [12]. Even though it is recommended to plant Silphium by using seedlings, to reduce costs, the planting by sowing can also be used.…”

Section: Description and Originmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have analyzed the best conditions for growing Silphium perfoliatum as feedstock for biogas production [11,12,103]. It is also seen as a promising alternative substrate for silage maize, due to its reduced agricultural requirements, which enable it to be grown on marginal or less productive soil [16].…”

Section: Utilization and Benefits/advantages Of Silphium Perfoliatummentioning

confidence: 99%

Silphium perfoliatum—A Herbaceous Crop with Increased Interest in Recent Years for Multi-Purpose Use

et al. 2020

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Silphium perfoliatum is a perennial crop native to North America that has been the subject of increased scientific interest in recent years, especially in Europe. It is drought- and frost-resistant, which makes it suitable for cultivation in Europe on marginal lands that are not used for growing other crops. This review analyzed the distribution and purposes of the cultivation of Silphium perfoliatum worldwide, as well as its biomass yields and characteristics as a feedstock for biogas production and other purposes. A total of 121 scientific publications on Silphium perfoliatum were identified, with the highest number (20 papers) published in 2019. It was found that higher biomass yields can be obtained at higher precipitation levels, with the use of fertilizers and an adequate type of plantation. The mean dry matter yield of Silphium perfoliatum was 13.3 Mg ha−1 DM (dry matter), and it ranged from 2 to over 32 Mg ha−1 DM. In some countries, Silphium is used as a forage crop mainly due to its high crude protein content (from 4.9% to 15% DM), depending on the vegetation phase. Silphium perfoliatum is a promising perennial crop in terms of energy and other benefits for biodiversity, soil quality and applications in medicine and pharmacology.

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“…No problems with seed germination and emergence were observed. Schäfer et al [28] in Germany, and Gansberger et al [29] in Austria, emphasize the importance of seed quality and uniformity of seeds, because Silphium produces heterogeneous seeds with varying degrees of maturity with low germination capacity due to the extended ripening phase.…”

Section: Plant Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Yields, Calorific Value and Chemical Properties of Cup Plant Silphium perfoliatum L. Biomass, Depending on the Method of Establishing the Plantation

et al. 2020

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Silphium perfoliatum L. (Silphium) is one of the most promising perennial herbaceous plants, mainly due to its high biomass yield and multiple uses. It can be grown as a fodder, ornamentally, for energy (mainly as a biogas source), and as a honey crop (source of nectar and pollen for pollinators). Despite the considerable qualities of this crop, the Silphium cultivation area in Europe is small. The main limiting factors are the significant costs of plantation establishment and the lack of biomass yield in the first year of cultivation. Considering these aspects, research was undertaken at the Agricultural Experimental Station Lipnik of West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, to assess two methods of establishing a plantation: generative, by sowing seeds (seeds); and vegetative, by transplanting seedlings grown from seeds (planting), on the yield and quality of Silphium biomass attended for combustion and its heating value and chemical composition. In 2016–2019, annual aboveground biomass was harvested after the end of vegetation to obtain the raw material for combustion. The collected dry mass yield (DMY) of Silphium significantly differed between the years and methods of establishing the plantation. The biomass yields increased in the first two years of full vegetation from 9.3 to 18.1 Mg∙ha−1·yr−1, and then decreased in the third year of vegetation to ca. 13 Mg∙ha−1·yr−1 because of drought. Significantly higher DMY was obtained by sowing seeds (ca. 13.9 Mg∙ha−1·yr−1) compared to the planting method (ca. 13.0 Mg∙ha−1·yr−1), due to the higher plant density obtained after the sowing method compared to the planting method. The calorific value in the third year was the highest and amounted to ca. 17.8 MJ·kg−1 DM. The paper also presents changes in soil chemical properties before and after four years of Silphium cultivation.

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Germination characteristic of Silphium perfoliatum L. seeds

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Two Novel Energy Crops: Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby and Silphium perfoliatum L.—State of Knowledge

Two Novel Energy Crops: Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby and Silphium perfoliatum L.—State of Knowledge

Silphium perfoliatum—A Herbaceous Crop with Increased Interest in Recent Years for Multi-Purpose Use

Yields, Calorific Value and Chemical Properties of Cup Plant Silphium perfoliatum L. Biomass, Depending on the Method of Establishing the Plantation

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