Germination and seedling growth under anaerobic conditions in Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass)*

Kennedy, Robert A.; Barrett, Spencer C. H.; Zee, Delmar Vander; Rumpho, Mary E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1980.tb00796.x

Cited by 43 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Inductive effects of flooding conditions on gene expression of glycolysis and alcohol fermentation enzymes were shown in rice (Umeda and Uchimiya 1994). On the other hand, glycolysis of flood-tolerant Echinochloa crus-galli is not activated under conditions of oxygen deficiency (Kennedy et al 1980). In M. cajuputi, flooding did not induce activities of PK, PEP phosphatase, and the series of PEPC, MDH, and NADP-ME, which can convert PEP into pyruvate (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of flooding on downstream processes of glycolysis and fermentation in roots of Melaleuca cajuputi seedlings

Yamanoshita

Masumori

Yagi

et al. 2005

Journal of Forest Research

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We investigated the energy metabolism in roots of flooded Melaleuca cajuputi Powell, a tropical floodtolerant tree species, by measuring adenylate concentrations and activities of glycolytic and fermentative enzymes under flooded conditions. Adenylate energy charge (AEC) decreased slightly to 0.72 on the second day of flooding and recovered to around 0.8 by the fourth day of flooding. Activities of pyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1) and alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) increased initially and then decreased to the control level after 14 days of flooding. On the other hand, activities of pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40), phosphoenolpyruvate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2), and a series of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31), malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), and NADP dependent malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40), which can convert PEP into pyruvate, were not induced in flooded roots throughout the experiment. These results suggest that neither the downstream reactions of glycolysis nor ATP production via glycolysis was enhanced by flooding, whereas alcohol fermentation was enhanced. With the low ATP yield of the glycolysis-alcohol fermentation pathway and no induction of glycolytic enzymes, the glycolysis-alcohol fermentation pathway itself contributes little to ATP production in flooded roots of M. cajuputi. These physiological responses of M. cajuputi to flooding may have the advantages of surviving flooded conditions because they can avoid exhaustion of sugar and accumulation of ethanol, a toxic end product of alcohol fermentation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of flooding on downstream processes of glycolysis and fermentation in roots of Melaleuca cajuputi seedlings

Yamanoshita

Masumori

Yagi

et al. 2005

Journal of Forest Research

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“…Root growth was more negatively affected than shoot growth Salinity and moisture stress 249 under extremely wet soil conditions. Kennedy et al (1980) found too that root growth was greatly restricted under impeded aeration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination and seedling growth of carrots under salinity and moisture stress

Schmidhalter

Oertli

1991

Plant Soil

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Poor crop stand is a common problem in saline areas. Germination and seedling emergence may be depressed as a result of impeded aeration, saline or dry conditions. In this study, we examined the effects of salinity and moisture stress and their interactions on seed germination and seedling growth of carrots. Variable soil matric and osmotic potentials were either obtained by equilibrating soil salinized to different degrees on a 0.5 MPa ceramic plate soil moisture extractor or by adding different amounts of salt solutions to the same mass of air-dried soil, based on a previously determined soil moisture release curve, and allowing to equilibrate for 1 week.Germination decreased significantly in the investigated silty soil (Aquic Ustifluvent) at soil moisture potentials higher than -0.01 MPa, whereas osmotic potentials as low as -0.5 MPa did not influence germination. Matric potentials of -0.3 and -0.4MPa, respectively, resulted in a strong decrease (35-95%) of germination and delayed germination by 2 to 5 days in the silty soil to which different amounts (18 and 36%, respectively) and sizes (0.8-1.2mm and 1.5-2.2mm, respectively) of sand particles had been added. No effect of sand and grain diameter was detected. Germination was not affected by comparable osmotic potentials.Seedling growth showed a much higher sensitivity than germination to decreasing matric potentials, but was not affected by osmotic potentials ranging from -0.05 to -0.5 MPa. Optimum shoot growth occurred at matric potentials between -0.025 and -0.1MPa. Shoot and root growth decreased markedly at matric potentials higher than -0.01 MPa. Fresh weight of shoots decreased gradually at matric potentials lower than -0.2 MPa. Root growth was significantly increased at matric potentials of -0.1 to -0.3 MPa, whereas comparable osmotic potentials did not have equivalent effects.It is concluded that germination and seedling growth are differently affected by comparable matric and osmotic stresses and that water stress exerts a more negative effect than salt stress.

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“…Oxygen concentrations in interstitial water of salt marsh soils are among the most important environmental parameters influencing seed germination and pre-emerged seedling development (Kennedy et al, 1980). The conversion efficiency from seed to seedling and biomass allocation among different organs of a seedling will determine the pre-emerged seedling's survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat choice and seed–seedling conflict of Spartina alterniflora on the coast of China

Deng

et al. 2009

Hydrobiologia

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To elucidate the seed-seedling conflict and the process of habitat choices during the expansion of S. alterniflora, densities of seeds and seedlings in three different habitats, foreland, Spartina meadow, and canopy gap patch, were measured. Statistical analyses of these measurements were performed to investigate the interaction between seeds or seedlings and environmental factors. Also, the process of habitat choice during the expansion of S. alterniflora was explored. The results show that, in the upper soil seed bank (0-5 cm), both the ratio of germinated seeds and the ratio of survival seedlings to total seeds do not differ significantly among the three habitats. However, in the lower soil seed bank (5-10 cm), these ratios differ significantly, suggesting the seed-seedling conflict of S. alterniflora generally occurs in the lower soil seed bank. The remarkable conflict occurs in the meadow habitat. Greenhouse experiments indicate that the germination rate decreases significantly and the mortality of pre-emerged seedlings increases significantly with increasing burial depth. The maximal burial depth of emerged seedlings varies with sediment types. Comparisons of burial depth effects on seedling height, mesocotyl length, coleoptile length, and root length show that the major responses of S. alterniflora preemerged seedlings to the burial treatments are the elongation of coleoptiles and mesocotyls, which favor seedling survival by enhancing aeration and accelerating emergence. These results suggest that burial treatment is a key selection factor, which leads to the seed-seedling conflict in recruitment of S. alterniflora population, and directly affects the expansion rate and the area infected by Salterniflora.

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Germination and seedling growth under anaerobic conditions in Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass)*

Cited by 43 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of flooding on downstream processes of glycolysis and fermentation in roots of Melaleuca cajuputi seedlings

Effects of flooding on downstream processes of glycolysis and fermentation in roots of Melaleuca cajuputi seedlings

Germination and seedling growth of carrots under salinity and moisture stress

Habitat choice and seed–seedling conflict of Spartina alterniflora on the coast of China

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