Germination and Seedling Growth of Winter Rye in Deuterium Oxide

Siegel, S. M.; Halpern, L. A.; Giumarro, C.

doi:10.1038/2011244a0

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…A reduction in seedling growth proportional to the T>.,O content of the media has been reported for a number of plants by various authors (Blake et al 1964, Siegel et at. 1964, Uphaus et al 1965, Bhandarkar and Gaur 1967.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The retarding effect of D.yO is more evident on the linear extension growth than on the dry matter accumulation in the growing embryo (Figure 2 and 3). Siegel et al (1964) have noted similar effects of D^O on the seedling growth and the dry mass of winter rye but gave no indication of the state of the utilisation of the endosperm reserves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The highest deuteriation level reported so far in any angiosperm is 63.5 »/o for Lemna (Cope et al 1965). The effect of heavy water on germination has interested research workers since the discovery of deuterium (Lewis 1933, Melot 1934, Brun and Tronstad 1935, Von Euler 1947 Meyer l''5O, Badanova 1956, Siegel et al 1964, Bhandarkar and Gaur 1967, and Blake et al 1968). However, no satisfactory explanation of the physiological causes underlying D.,O-induced inhibition of germination and seedling growth has been offered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological Studies with Heavy Water. II. Germination and Growth Inhibition of Barley by D₂O

Bhandarkar

Bhattacharya

Gaur

1971

Physiologia Plantarum

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Seed germination and barley seedling growth in various D2O concentrations have been studied. It was observed that the emergence of root and shoot was delayed, there being greater delay in shoot than in root emergence. A complete block was observed in germination in pure D2O and the germination rate was slowed down significantly in lower concentrations.An initial germination delay by different D2O concentrations seemed to cause a subsequent retardation in the growth measured as shoot and root length. A comparison of root and shoot length with their respective dry weights suggested that the growth by cell division/elongation might have been affected more than the transport of food materials from the endosperm to the embryo.Analysis of the total sugars of the endosperm and the embryo at 8 hour intervals showed that while the hydrolysis of starch to sugars was progressively decreased by increasing D2O concentrations, the transport rate from endosperm to embryo showed a sharp inhibition in 50 "/o D-)O and above. This indicated that the inhibition in the transport of materials, besides less hydrolysis of reserve food materials, may also be a causal factor of germination and growth inhibition in DoO.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological Studies with Heavy Water. II. Germination and Growth Inhibition of Barley by D₂O

Bhandarkar

Bhattacharya

Gaur

1971

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…44 Winter rye was reported to have exceptional D 2 O tolerance compared to other plants. 45 The amount and location of deuterium in deuterated biomolecules are typically determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mass spectroscopy, and NMR. [46][47][48] The complexity of the signals obtained from whole biomass samples complicate quantification by these methods.…”

Section: Deuterationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron Technologies for Bioenergy Research

Langan

Evans

Foston

et al. 2012

Industrial Biotechnology

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Neutron scattering is a powerful technique that can be used to probe the structures and dynamics of complex systems. It can provide a fundamental understanding of the processes involved in the production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. A variety of neutron scattering technologies are available to elucidate both the organization and deconstruction of this complex composite material and the associations and morphology of the component polymers and the enzymes acting on them, across multiple length scales ranging from Angstroms to micrometers and time scales from microseconds to picoseconds. Unlike most other experimental techniques, neutron scattering is uniquely sensitive to hydrogen (and its isotope deuterium), an atom abundantly present throughout biomass and a key effector in many biological, chemical, and industrial processes for producing biofuels. Sensitivity to hydrogen, the ability to replace hydrogen with deuterium to alter scattering levels, the fact that neutrons cause little or no direct radiation damage, and the ability of neutrons to exchange thermal energies with materials, provide neutron scattering technologies with unique capabilities for bioenergy research. Further, neutrons are highly penetrating, making it possible to employ sample environments that are not suitable for other techniques. The true power of neutron scattering is realized when it is combined with computer simulation and modeling and contrast variation techniques enabled through selective deuterium labeling.

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“…Seed plants for example cannot, in general, tolerate concentrations of D20 greater than approximately 70% (2). In 1964, however, Siegel and his coworkers (9) reported that seeds of the grass winter rye were able to germinate and grow for a limited time in 99.5% D20.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Growth in 99.8 Deuterium Oxide on the Ultrastructure of Winter Rye

Waber¹,

Sakai²

1974

Plant Physiol.

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A preliminary report dealing with the ultrastructural effects of culture in a 99.8 % D20 (deuterium oxide) environment on winter rye (Secale cereale L. cv. Winter) is presented. In general, the cells of D20-cultured seedlings appeared similar to the cells of H20-cultured seedlings. However, differences were found in chloroplast and dictyosome morphology, and ribosome number.The biological effects of D20 have been the subject of many investigations since Urey et al. (10) first discovered the compound in 1932. The vast majority of the early studies involved only a cursory recording of the changes that could be observed when the test organisms were placed in a D20-enriched solution (2). The general conclusion reached through these experiments was that high concentrations of D20 are generally toxic to biological systems, however, the mechanism of this toxicity remained unclear.Following the successful culturing of several species of green algae in essentially 100% D20 by Chorney et al. (1), the question of D20 toxicity and its mechanism was extensively studied by Katz et al. (6,7) and several other investigators (1-4). This work suggested that the effects of D20 on biological systems could be explained by the kinetic isotope theory. This theory, however, cannot account for the high toxicity of D20 to higher life forms. Seed plants for example cannot, in general, tolerate concentrations of D20 greater than approximately 70% (2). In 1964, however, Siegel and his coworkers (9) reported that seeds of the grass winter rye were able to germinate and grow for a limited time in 99.5% D20.This paper is a preliminary report of an ultrastructural examination of D20-cultured winter rye that attempts to find some explanation for the high toxicity of D20 to higher plants or give some indication as to why winter rye is at least partially resistant to this toxicity. METHODS AND MATERIALSWinter rye (Secale cereale L. cv. Winter) seeds were surfacesterilized and then placed in sealed Petri dishes and allowed 'This research was supported by a National Defense Education Act Title IV Fellowship awarded to J. W. and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grant NGL 12-001-042.to germinate in either sterile H20 or 99.8% D20. The plants were harvested at a time of morphological similarity between the two types of plants, approximately 2 days for the H20 control and 9 days for the D20-cultured plants.For electron microscopic study, the plant tissue was fixed in Karnovsky's fixative (5), postfixed in osmium tetroxide, dehydrated with ethanol, treated with propylene oxide, and embedded in epoxy resin. Thin sections were cut with a diamond knife on a Porter-Blum MT-2B ultramicrotome and placed on copper grids. Sections were double stained with uranyl acetate followed by lead citrate (8). The sections were viewed and photographed with a Hitachi HS-8-1 electron microscope operated at 50 kv. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONWinter rye seedlings cultured in 99.8% D20 for 9 days appear to be at the same developmental stage as plants grown in H2...

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Germination and Seedling Growth of Winter Rye in Deuterium Oxide

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Physiological Studies with Heavy Water. II. Germination and Growth Inhibition of Barley by D₂O

Physiological Studies with Heavy Water. II. Germination and Growth Inhibition of Barley by D₂O

Neutron Technologies for Bioenergy Research

The Effect of Growth in 99.8 Deuterium Oxide on the Ultrastructure of Winter Rye

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Germination and Seedling Growth of Winter Rye in Deuterium Oxide

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Physiological Studies with Heavy Water. II. Germination and Growth Inhibition of Barley by D2O

Physiological Studies with Heavy Water. II. Germination and Growth Inhibition of Barley by D2O

Neutron Technologies for Bioenergy Research

The Effect of Growth in 99.8 Deuterium Oxide on the Ultrastructure of Winter Rye

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Physiological Studies with Heavy Water. II. Germination and Growth Inhibition of Barley by D₂O

Physiological Studies with Heavy Water. II. Germination and Growth Inhibition of Barley by D₂O