Germination and seed traits in common alder (<i>Alnus</i> spp.): the potential contribution of rear‐edge populations to ecological restoration success

Marques, Inês Gomes; Faria, Carla; Conceição, Sofia I. R.; Jansson, Roland; Corcobado, Tamara; Milanović, Slobodan; Laurent, Yann; Bernez, Ivan; Dufour, Simon; Mandák, Bohumil; Ennouni, Hassan; Sahli, Abdelouahab; Ater, Mohammed; Dorado, F. Javier; Caperta, Ana D.; David, Teresa S.; Solla, Alejandro; Rodríguez‐González, Patricia María

doi:10.1111/rec.13517

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Healthy and declining alders were located along the river Jerte, Plasencia, Spain (40°01′51.2″N 6°04′46.0″W; 329 m a.s.l. ; Marques et al, 2021). Isolations of P. ×alni from bark samples, including the cambium, confirmed infection of the ten symptomatic trees selected.…”

Section: Study Area and Leaf Litter Collectionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Alnus lusitanica is a dominant riparian tree species (Marques et al., 2021), which produces soft, N‐rich leaf litter that decomposes quickly (Ferreira et al., 2012; Pereira et al., 2016). The stimulation by 68% of decomposition rates for leaf litter of highly symptomatic trees may lead to an early disappearance of high‐quality leaf litter from the stream bed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Healthy and declining alders were located along the river Jerte, Plasencia, Spain (40°01′51.2″N 6°04′46.0″W; 329 m a.s.l. ; Marques et al., 2021). Isolations of P .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Invasive forest pathogens affect the characteristics, microbial colonisation, and decomposition of leaf litter in streams

2021

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Invasive tree pathogens threaten forests worldwide, but their effects on streams are poorly understood. Nevertheless, tree infections that lead to changes in the characteristics of litter inputs to streams may affect stream communities and ecosystem processes. We studied cross‐ecosystem effects derived from Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytophthora ×alni, and Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi infection on Castanea sativa (chestnut), Alnus lusitanica (alder), and Ulmus minor (elm) trees, respectively, by assessing physical and chemical characteristics of senescent leaves from healthy, symptomatic, and highly symptomatic individuals. Leaf litter from the three health statuses per tree species was then incubated in laboratory microcosms and the effects of tree infection on microbial decomposers and leaf litter decomposition were assessed. Tree infection significantly affected leaf litter characteristics, microbial decomposers and leaf litter decomposition, and the health status of trees conditioned these effects differently depending on the tree species. In C. sativa, leaf litter of highly symptomatic trees had higher toughness, higher polyphenolic concentration and slower decomposition than leaf litter of symptomatic and healthy trees. In A. lusitanica, leaf litter of highly symptomatic trees had higher phosphorus concentration, lower carbon:phosphorus ratio and faster decomposition than leaf litter of symptomatic and healthy trees. Finally, in U. minor, leaf litter of highly symptomatic trees had higher nitrogen concentration and lower carbon:nitrogen ratio than leaf litter of healthy trees, and faster decomposition than leaf litter of symptomatic and healthy trees. Effects of changes in litter characteristics on litter decomposition were mediated by changes in microbial decomposer colonisation and activity. The composition of the aquatic hyphomycetes communities associated with C. sativa and U. minor litter varied depending on the tree health status. Most striking was the two‐fold higher aquatic hyphomycetes species richness in litter of U. minor trees infected with O. novo‐ulmi than in litter of healthy U. minor trees. Tree infection alters the nutritional quality of leaf litter, potentially affecting the functioning of aquatic ecosystems strongly dependent on riparian litter inputs.

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Section: Study Area and Leaf Litter Collectionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Invasive forest pathogens affect the characteristics, microbial colonisation, and decomposition of leaf litter in streams

2021

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“…The northern populations had deeper seed dormancy and required longer stratification for germination, but had greater seed viability and germination speed, and lower germination capacity and seed mass than the group of southern populations. The link between tree seed germination traits and provenance was also observed for beech in Greece ( Varsamis et al., 2020 ) and across Europe ( Muffler et al., 2021 ), for Quercus ilex in the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco ( García-Nogales et al., 2016 ), Acer pseudoplatanus in Europe ( Daws et al., 2006 ), Pinus brutia in Greece ( Skordilis and Thanos, 1995 ), Alnus species in Europe ( Gomes Marques et al., 2022 ) and Betula pendula in Europe ( Midmore et al., 2015 ; Solé-Medina et al., 2020 ). Varsamis et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Climate legacy in seed and seedling traits of European beech populations

Pawłowski,

Suszka,

Mucha

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Tree species’ ability to persist within their current distribution ranges is determined by seed germination and seedling growth. Exploring variation in these traits in relation to climatic conditions helps to understand and predict tree population dynamics, and to support species management and conservation under future climate. We analyzed seeds and seedlings of 26 European beech populations from the northeastern boundary of the species range to test whether: 1) adaptation to climatic conditions is reflected in depth of dormancy and germination of seeds; 2) climatic characteristics of origin predictably affect seedling traits. The variation in seed dormancy and germination in a laboratory test, and seedling growth and morphology traits in a nursery common-garden test was examined. Populations originating from warmer and drier sites (mostly from the northern region), compared to those from the opposite end of climatic gradient, germinated later, with a lower success, and produced seedlings with shorter and tougher roots. They had deeper dormancy and poorer seed germination capacity, and are likely more vulnerable to environmental changes. The climatic conditions at the origin shape the intraspecific variation of seed germination and seedling traits, and may limit regeneration from seed and affect adaptation potential of beech to increasing temperatures and decreasing precipitation.

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“…Much of the information that is available focuses on the microbial communities present within Alnus roots and their associated rhizosphere. These studies particularly focus on soil salinity [ 68 ], inoculation with nitrogen-fixing bacteria [ 69 ], colonisation capabilities [ 70 ], plant growth promotion [ 30 ], antagonistic effects against pathogenic microbes [ 71 ], as well as adaptation to extreme environmental conditions [ 72 ]. Alder-associated bacterial microbes that have been identified belong to the phyla Actinobacteria ( Frankia alni ), Acidobacteria ( Granulicella ), Alphaproteobacteria ( Caulobacteraceae , Rhizobiales , and Sphingomonas ), Bacteroidetes ( Chitinophagaceae , Flavobacteriaceae , and Sphingobacteriaceae ,), Betaproteobacteria, Firmicutes ( Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus ), Gammaproteobacteria, Pseudomonadota ( Bradyrhizobium , Oxalobacteraceae , Pseudomonas , Rhizobium , Rhodanobacter , and Xanthomoadaceae ), and Thermoleophilia [ 20 , 29 , 30 , 36 , 47 , 48 , 50 , 52 , 53 , 65 , 73 ].…”

Section: The Microbiome Of Alder Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Good, the Bad, and the Useable Microbes within the Common Alder (Alnus glutinosa) Microbiome—Potential Bio-Agents to Combat Alder Dieback

Fuller,

Germaine,

Rathore

2023

Microorganisms

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Common Alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) is a tree species native to Ireland and Europe with high economic and ecological importance. The presence of Alder has many benefits including the ability to adapt to multiple climate types, as well as aiding in ecosystem restoration due to its colonization capabilities within disturbed soils. However, Alder is susceptible to infection of the root rot pathogen Phytophthora alni, amongst other pathogens associated with this tree species. P. alni has become an issue within the forestry sector as it continues to spread across Europe, infecting Alder plantations, thus affecting their growth and survival and altering ecosystem dynamics. Beneficial microbiota and biocontrol agents play a crucial role in maintaining the health and resilience of plants. Studies have shown that beneficial microbes promote plant growth as well as aid in the protection against pathogens and abiotic stress. Understanding the interactions between A. glutinosa and its microbiota, both beneficial and pathogenic, is essential for developing integrated management strategies to mitigate the impact of P. alni and maintain the health of Alder trees. This review is focused on collating the relevant literature associated with Alder, current threats to the species, what is known about its microbial composition, and Common Alder–microbe interactions that have been observed worldwide to date. It also summarizes the beneficial fungi, bacteria, and biocontrol agents, underpinning genetic mechanisms and secondary metabolites identified within the forestry sector in relation to the Alder tree species. In addition, biocontrol mechanisms and microbiome-assisted breeding as well as gaps within research that require further attention are discussed.

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Germination and seed traits in common alder (Alnus spp.): the potential contribution of rear‐edge populations to ecological restoration success

Cited by 6 publications

References 64 publications

Invasive forest pathogens affect the characteristics, microbial colonisation, and decomposition of leaf litter in streams

Invasive forest pathogens affect the characteristics, microbial colonisation, and decomposition of leaf litter in streams

Climate legacy in seed and seedling traits of European beech populations

The Good, the Bad, and the Useable Microbes within the Common Alder (Alnus glutinosa) Microbiome—Potential Bio-Agents to Combat Alder Dieback

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