Germanium Phthalocyanines<sup>1</sup>

Joyner, Ralph D.; Kenney, Malcolm E.

doi:10.1021/ja01507a007

Cited by 61 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…The unit cell proposed by Kawase et al can also explain the lattice spacings obtained by X-ray powder diffraction method for the Si(OH) 2 Pc powder used here. In Table 1, the observed and the calculated spacings are summarized and their agreement is quite satisfactory.…”

Section: Structure Of the Source Materials Si(oh) 2 Pcmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…The source materials, Si(OH) 2 Pc and Ge(OH) 2 Pc, were supplied by Dr. Y. Kuwae, Canon Co. Ltd.; they were synthesized from respective dichloro derivatives according to the method reported by Joyner and Kenney [2]. The thin films were made by the vacuum-deposition method in a vacuum of 1 ϫ 10 -7 Torr.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Powder Si(OH) 2 Pc is composed of crystalline particles of high quality. An electron micrograph of such particles is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Structure Of the Source Materials Si(oh) 2 Pcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The isomorphism of these compounds originates from the same coagulation forces between the molecules due to the similar molecular structures, the only difference being the metal species sitting at the molecular centre. Although there are many reports on the isomorphism of phthalocyanine, the polymorphism and isomorphism of Ge(OH) 2 Pc and Si(OH) 2 Pc (Pc: phthalocyanine ligand) have not been reported. In this study we examined the isomorphism of these Pcs as well as their polymeric molecules of (GeOPc) n and (SiOPc) n .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study we examined the isomorphism of these Pcs as well as their polymeric molecules of (GeOPc) n and (SiOPc) n . The polymerization was performed through dehydration polymerization [1] by heating the respective monomeric Ge(OH) 2 Pc or Si(OH) 2 Pc (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structures of Germanium and Silicon Phthalocyanine Thin Films: Polymorphism and Isomorphism

Kobayashi

Furukawa

Ogawa

et al. 1997

J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines

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The polymorphism and isomorphism of Ge ( OH )2 Pc and Si ( OH )2 Pc ( Pc : phthalocyanine ligand) are reported as well as those of the polymeric molecules of ( GeOPc )n and ( SiOPc )n. The polymeric Pcs were produced through dehydration polymerization by heating the respective monomer of Ge ( OH )2 Pc or Si ( OH )2 Pc . We also report the thin film structures of these phthalocyanine derivatives and discuss the similarities and differences in the structures formed by vacuum deposition, in relation to the coordinating metal species.

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Section: Structure Of the Source Materials Si(oh) 2 Pcmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Powder Si(OH) 2 Pc is composed of crystalline particles of high quality. An electron micrograph of such particles is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Structure Of the Source Materials Si(oh) 2 Pcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structures of Germanium and Silicon Phthalocyanine Thin Films: Polymorphism and Isomorphism

Kobayashi

Furukawa

Ogawa

et al. 1997

J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines

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Studies on Phosphorus Phthalocyanines and Triazatetrabenzcorroles

Subramanian

Hanack³

1998

Eur. J. Org. Chem.

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The previously reported reaction of phthalocyanines [H2(pc)] with PBr3, which was claimed to give a phosphorus(III) phthalocyanine “(PcPIII)”, has been reinvestigated in detail with both unsubstituted and alkyl‐substituted phthalocyanines, 1‐4. The products exhibit unusual electronic and mass spectra compared to normal phthalocyanines and have been identified as oxophosphorus(V) triazatetrabenzcorroles 5–8. The corresponding dihydroxyphosphorus(V) phthalocyanine hydroxides 9–12 have also been synthesized for the first time by insertion of phosphorus(V) into phthalocyanines and have been characterized in detail. The different reactivities of PBr3 and POX3 (X = Cl, Br) toward phthalocyanines are discussed.

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Physico‐Chemical Approach

Ohashi¹

1994

Reactivity in Molecular Crystals

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When chemical reactions occur in solvent or gas, starting materials of thc reaction can move freely, and a statistical collision of the starting materials produces corresponding final products. In the process of collision, the reacting materials may change their structures to those of the reaction intermediate. For understanding the reaction mechanism, it is very useful to calculate quantum-mechanically the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals ( H O M O , LUMO) for the starting materials, since a reaction pathway can be estimated from the features of H O M O and L U M O . However, a direct obscrvation of the reaction pathway on three-dimensional (3D) structures of the intermediate molecule is impossible since there is currently no method to determine the 311 molecular structurc in the dynamic process of reaction.In particular, so-called "crystalline state reaction" is known to occur throughout the retaining the singlc-crystal form. I n this case, the starting molecules of the chemical reaction are fixed in a crystal lattice, and are in close contact with neighboring molecules. Fortunately. the 3D molecular structure in a crystal can be determined directly in atomic resolution by X-ray crystallography.') By performing a series of X-ray data collections from the sample crystal followed by structure analysis, we can elucidate stroboscopically a reaction pathway by X-ray crystallography. A typical case has been reported by Ohashi ot aL2) f o r [ ( R ) -Icyanoethyl] [( S)-( -)-cu-methylben7ylamine]bis(dimethyl-glyoximato) cobalt( I I I), a kind of cobaloxime complex. A cyanoethyl group of this complex racemi7es by X-ray cxposure in a very long reaction time of twenty days. Eight sets of X-ray intensity data for one crystal were collected successively by a conventional four diffractometer. and the reaction pathway was proved directly by time-resolved X-ray crystallography. Another noteworthy example of time-resolved X-ray crystallography is a recent study of the reaction intermediate of guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis in the protein Ha-Ras p2 I . 3 ) This study was done by a Laue technique4) with white X-rays from a synchrotron radiation facility. However, detailed descriptions for this topics are not given here since protein crystallography is not what is originally intended in this volume.Although time-resolved X-ray crystallography is a very powerful techniquc to demonstrate the intermediate structures of chemical reactions, it requires very strict experimental conditions in practice. The first requirement is that the chemical reaction must proceed without the degradation of a single crystal form until the final stage of the reaction. The crystal of starting materials often breaks into pieces in the process of the reaction, since the chemical reaction certainly gives rise t o 31) structural change at least in a part of the molecule, and this usually causes the destruction of the starting crystal lattice. The most important problem in time-resolved X-ray crystallography is how to design a 25 A ...

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Germanium Phthalocyanines¹

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Structures of Germanium and Silicon Phthalocyanine Thin Films: Polymorphism and Isomorphism

Structures of Germanium and Silicon Phthalocyanine Thin Films: Polymorphism and Isomorphism

Studies on Phosphorus Phthalocyanines and Triazatetrabenzcorroles

Physico‐Chemical Approach

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Germanium Phthalocyanines1

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Structures of Germanium and Silicon Phthalocyanine Thin Films: Polymorphism and Isomorphism

Structures of Germanium and Silicon Phthalocyanine Thin Films: Polymorphism and Isomorphism

Studies on Phosphorus Phthalocyanines and Triazatetrabenzcorroles

Physico‐Chemical Approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Germanium Phthalocyanines¹