Germanium compounds and their role in animal body

Abstract

Last years literature data and separate research results analysis was carried out concerning biological influence of Germanium compounds at laboratory and productive animals. The article states a comparative effect of mineral and organic Germanium compounds in chemical and biotechnological synthesis, as well as nanotechnological germanium citrate influence on the functioning of the immune, hematological, antioxidant, detoxification, reproductive and nervous systems of animals. The article displays a difference in influence of Germanium compounds on animal body depending on its form, dose and exposure. Benefits of using organic Germanium compounds in chemical, biotechnological and nanotechnological synthesis are highlighted based on a comparative analysis of the own research results, as well as other authors. Functioning analysis of a separate body organs, body systems as well as animal body in total was conducted after animals been exposed to short-term and long-lasting action of various Germanium compounds. Studies results for various Germanium compounds toxicity, their impact on animal productivity and product quality are stated based on the available literature. Comparison of influence effect for some drugs, biologically active additives and products containing Germanium compounds on the animal body was documented. Conclusions are made about the advantages of biological action of organic Germanium compounds, made by biotechnological synthesis using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Germanium citrate, obtained on the basis of nanotechnology, regarding the prospects of its use in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine.

Lipid composition and peroxidation products in the body tissues in bees under the action of different doses of nanotechnological Ge citrate and the probiotic Lactobacillus casei В-7280

“…These results indicate the antioxidant effect of Ge citrate in the body of bees in the applied doses, which was accompanied by a decrease in the content of TBARS (MDA) and lipid hydroperoxides in homogenates of bee body tissues of all experimental groups, which is consistent with the data of other authors [5,9,28].…”

“…Therefore, there is a trend of active study of new effective means of natural origin to fight diseases and improve honey bees' health, which helps to avoid many side effects. It has been proven that the mechanisms of their action differ from synthetic substances and drugs due to the activation of the body's protective reactions at the physiological level [9,11,32].…”

“…The effect of various amounts of mineral and organic compounds obtained based on nanotechnological citrates on the metabolic processes of the bees' bodies was clarified. Several works were published based on the research results [7,9,19,20]. It has been established that adding nanocarboxylates of biotic elements is more effective than their mineral salts in bee feeding [21].…”

Physiological Activity of Trace Element Germanium Including Anticancer Properties

“…The inorganic and coordination germanium compounds are now well established in medical practice (see reviews [3,149,150] and monograph [46]). The structure of such compounds is discussed in detail in the review [151].…”

“…Among coordination germanium compounds, the most studied are germanium (IV) citrate and germanium (IV) citrate-lactate, which, like GeO2, are of low toxicity but exhibit nephrotoxicity in high doses [6,47,58]. These compounds activate the immune system and are recommended for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, primarily oncological [3,43,46,149,150,153].…”