Germanium and rare earth elements in topsoil and soil-grown plants on different land use types in the mining area of Freiberg (Germany)

Wiche, Oliver; Zertani, Viola; Hentschel, W.; Achtziger, Roland; Midula, Pavol

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.01.008

Cited by 69 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…However, generally, Sr is easily mobilised and readily exchangeable (Bunker et al, 2000). Organic matter in soils can strongly fix Sr and so it too has a major effect on the mobility of Sr from soils into groundwater (Wiche et al, 2017). The mean Sr concentration of soils across the United States of America, for instance, is on average around 120 mg/kg (Shacklette and Boerngen, 1984), whereas for Ireland this is estimated to be approximately 80 mg/kg for bulk soils and 30 mg/kg for quasi-bulk soils (Young et al, 2016;Young and Donald, 2013).…”

Section: Estimating Element Bioavailability In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

87Sr/86Sr and trace element mapping of geosphere-hydrosphere-biosphere interactions: A case study in Ireland

Ryan

Snoeck

Crowley

et al. 2018

Applied Geochemistry

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Section: Estimating Element Bioavailability In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

87Sr/86Sr and trace element mapping of geosphere-hydrosphere-biosphere interactions: A case study in Ireland

Ryan

Snoeck

Crowley

et al. 2018

Applied Geochemistry

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“…In the present study we conducted a greenhouse experiment in which Zea mays, Avena sativa and Phalaris arundinacea, typical grass species (C3 and C4 representatives) of moist grasslands with high accumulation potential for both Si and Ge (Wiche and Heilmeier 2016;Wiche 2016;Wiche et al 2017) were cultivated on two substrates with differing plant available Ge/Si ratios. Specifically, all plant species were cultivated on sand and on soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of germanium (Ge) in plant tissues of grasses is not solely driven by its incorporation in phytoliths

et al. 2020

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Ge/Si ratios of plant phytoliths have been widely used to trace biogeochemical cycling of Si. However, until recently, information on how much of the Ge and Si transferred from soil to plants is actually stored in phytoliths was lacking. The aim of the present study is to (i) compare the uptake of Si and Ge in three grass species, (ii) localize Ge and Si stored in above-ground plant parts and (iii) evaluate the amounts of Ge and Si sequestrated in phytoliths and plant tissues. Mays (Zea mays), oat (Avena sativa) and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) were cultivated in the greenhouse on soil and sand to control element supply. Leaf phytoliths were extracted by dry ashing. Total elemental composition of leaves, phytoliths, stems and roots were measured by ICP-MS. For the localization of phytoliths and the determination of Ge and Si within leaf tissues and phytoliths scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used. The amounts of Si and Ge taken up by the species corresponded with biomass formation and decreased in the order Z. mays [ P. arundinacea, A. sativa. Results from LA-ICP-MS revealed that Si was mostly localized in phytoliths, while Ge was disorderly distributed within the leaf tissue. In fact, from the total amounts of Ge accumulated in leaves only 10% was present in phytoliths highlighting the role of organic matter on biogeochemical cycling of Ge and the necessity for using bulk Ge/Si instead of Ge/Si in phytoliths to trace biogeochemical cycling of Si.

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“…Only a few minerals like argyrodite, briartite, germanite, and renierite contain appreciable amounts of germanium, and none in mineable deposits [3]. Until today germanium is mostly gathered as a coproduct of silver, copper and zinc production or from combustion residues (fly ashes) from certain coals which can contain considerable concentrations of germanium [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of Germanium from Zinc Residue in H2SO4/SO2 Solutions

Wu¹

2018

AJCHE

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Zinc residue with high germanium, a waste solid product of hydrometallurgical zinc process is dumped continuously, causing the loss of germanium. Zinc residue was characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry methods. The results showed that, the mineralogical compositions of the zinc residue used in this research were zinc ferrite, gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, anglesite, sphalerite and quartz. Approximately 58% and 20% germanium occurred in the ferrite and silicate phases, respectively. Leaching of zinc residue with high germanium was investigated as a process to recover germanium. It was found to be much more effective using sulfur dioxide as a reductant. Batch leaching tests were carried out on zinc residue with high germanium at set pressure in stirred acid solution. The effects of SO 2 , time, sulfuric acid concentration, temperature, liquid-to-solid ratio, and sulphur dioxide partial pressure on the germanium dissolution were studied to optimize the leaching parameters. In the presence of SO 2 , the results showed that the extraction of germanium was maximum of 70% while the extraction of zinc and iron were 90% and 96% under the optimal condition which was determined for 80 g of zinc residue using 56 g/L sulfuric acid, liquid-to-solid ratio of 7 mL/g and sulphur dioxide partial pressure of 200 kPa at 100°C after 120 min. Under optimal conditions, the main minerals of the reduction leaching residue were sodium iron sulfate tetrahydrate, gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, anglesite, sphalerite and quartz. Zinc ferrite was almost entirely leached.

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Germanium and rare earth elements in topsoil and soil-grown plants on different land use types in the mining area of Freiberg (Germany)

Cited by 69 publications

References 43 publications

87Sr/86Sr and trace element mapping of geosphere-hydrosphere-biosphere interactions: A case study in Ireland

87Sr/86Sr and trace element mapping of geosphere-hydrosphere-biosphere interactions: A case study in Ireland

Accumulation of germanium (Ge) in plant tissues of grasses is not solely driven by its incorporation in phytoliths

Leaching of Germanium from Zinc Residue in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>/SO<sub>2</sub> Solutions

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Germanium and rare earth elements in topsoil and soil-grown plants on different land use types in the mining area of Freiberg (Germany)

Cited by 69 publications

References 43 publications

87Sr/86Sr and trace element mapping of geosphere-hydrosphere-biosphere interactions: A case study in Ireland

87Sr/86Sr and trace element mapping of geosphere-hydrosphere-biosphere interactions: A case study in Ireland

Accumulation of germanium (Ge) in plant tissues of grasses is not solely driven by its incorporation in phytoliths

Leaching of Germanium from Zinc Residue in H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;/SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Solutions

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Leaching of Germanium from Zinc Residue in H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>/SO<sub>2</sub> Solutions