Germanes as efficient coinitiators in radical and cationic photopolymerizations

Lalevée, Jacques; Dirani, Ali; El‐Roz, Mohamad; Allonas, Xavier; Fouassier, Jean Pierre

doi:10.1002/pola.22644

Cited by 99 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…[112][113][114][115] Various new initiating systems based on Si-Si, C-Si, S-Si, or Si-H bonds, leading to Si • radicals were proposed. [116][117][118][119] The high reactivity of Si • toward the addition process to acrylate double bonds and their good behavior in photoinitiation of free radical polymerization under air were demonstrated.…”

Section: Free Radical Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Lalevee et al 176,177 have reported that silyl and germyl radicals generated respectively by UV laser irradiation of disilanes and silanes and germanes in the presence of aromatic ketones readily reduce diaryliodonium salts, resulting in efficient cationic polymerization of epoxides. Silanes can be used 118 also in conjunction with visible light photoinitiators such as eosin and camphorquinone for the decomposition of diaryliodonium salt.…”

Section: Cationic Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photoinitiated Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

2010

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The use of photoinitiated polymerization is continuously growing in industry as reflected by the large number of applications in not only conventional areas such as coatings, inks, and adhesives but also high-tech domains, optoelectronics, laser imaging, stereolithography, and nanotechnology. In this Perspective, the latest developments in photoinitiating systems for free radical and cationic polymerizations are presented. The potential use of photochemical methods for step-growth polymerization is also highlighted. The goal is, furthermore, to show approaches to overcome problems associated with the efficiency, wavelength flexibility, and environmental and safety issues in all photoinitiating systems for different modes of activation. Much progress has been made in the past 10 years in the preparation of complex and nanostructured macromolecules by using photoinitiated polymerizations. Thus, the new and emerging applications of photoinitiated polymerizations in the field of biomaterials, surface modification, preparation of block and graft copolymers, and nanocomposites have been addressed.

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Section: Free Radical Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cationic Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinitiated Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

2010

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“…As previously demonstrated, the silyl radical is then readily oxidized by IS, the generated cation R 3 Si + being the initiating species [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 65%

New Opportunities in Free Radical Photopolymerization and Free Radical Promoted Cationic Polymerization Based on the Silyl Radical Chemistry.

Lalevée

Roz

Tehfe

et al. 2009

J. Photopol. Sci. Technol.

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“…In earlier communications from this laboratory, [17,18] we described the development of optical pyrometry (OP, infrared thermography) as a remote monitoring method for following the course of rapid free radical and cationic photopolymerizations. This technique is especially well suited for monitoring the photopolymerizations of multifunctional monomers that lead to network polymers.…”

Section: Monitoring Redox Cationic Polymerizations With Optical Pyrommentioning

confidence: 99%

Silane reduction of onium salts

Crivello

2009

Applied Organom Chemis

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Novel redox initiators for cationic polymerizations were developed consisting of an onium salt together with a Si-H functional silane or siloxane. The reduction of the onium salt by the silane is catalyzed by noble metal complexes or certain transition metal compounds and takes place spontaneously at room temperature. The redox reaction of the onium salt with the silane results in the liberation of a strong Brønsted acid that can be subsequently used to initiate cationic polymerizations. Typical onium salts that have been employed in these redox initiator systems are diaryliodonium salts, triarylsulfonium salts and S,S-dialkyl-Sphenacylsulfonium salts. Studies of the effects of variations in the structures of the onium salt, the silane and the type of noble metal catalyst were carried out. In principle, the redox initiator systems are applicable to all types of cationically polymerizable monomers and oligomers, including the ring-opening polymerizations of such heterocyclic monomers as epoxides and oxetanes and, in addition, the polymerization of vinyl monomers such as vinyl ethers, N-vinylcarbazole and styrenic monomers. The use of these novel initiator systems for carrying out commercially attractive crosslinking polymerizations for coatings, composites and encapsulations is discussed.

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Germanes as efficient coinitiators in radical and cationic photopolymerizations

Cited by 99 publications

References 16 publications

Photoinitiated Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

Photoinitiated Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

New Opportunities in Free Radical Photopolymerization and Free Radical Promoted Cationic Polymerization Based on the Silyl Radical Chemistry.

Silane reduction of onium salts

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