German economic power in Southeastern Europe: The case of Reemtsma and the Greek tobacco merchants (1923-1939)

Carmona-Zabala, Juan

doi:10.1080/00076791.2020.1717472

Business History

2020

DOI: 10.1080/00076791.2020.1717472

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German economic power in Southeastern Europe: The case of Reemtsma and the Greek tobacco merchants (1923-1939)

Juan Carmona-Zabala

Abstract: History (vol. 64, issue 3), published by Taylor & Francis. This copy is intended for its deposit in a non-commercial institutional repository. For more information about the intellectual property rights related to the article, please contact the publisher.

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2024

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Renegotiating Skills, Wages, and the Right to Work: On the Gender of Labor Activism around Rationalization in the Bulgarian Tobacco Industry in the Early 1930s

Masheva

2024

Inter. Labor Working-Class Hist.

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Starting from the early 1930s, structural changes in the Bulgarian tobacco industry, prompted by the advent of the world economic crisis and German economic expansionism into Southeastern Europe, led to a deep restructuring of the labor processes, known in the terminology of the time as rationalization, in the Bulgarian tobacco industry. The introduction of the tonga rationalization technology had a deskilling and deeply gendered effect on the industry, making a significant number of skilled male workers redundant, disproportionately decreasing average male wages and leading, in turn, to a further feminization of an already majority-female workforce. The introduction of the new system provoked a strong response from the organized labor movement, which used a variety of tactics to fight against the new technology: from strikes to petitions to tripartite negotiations. Organized labor's reaction was deeply gendered, an aspect that only becomes truly visible if, in addition to gender and skill, we employ the analytical lens of scale. By following trade union policies on the local, national, and international levels, the article goes beyond the carefully crafted gender-neutral language in official documents to reveal tensions between the conservative attitudes of rank-and-file activists and the official trade union agenda. This is especially evident in communist labor politics, where Bulgarian trade union policies on the local and national levels provoked an intervention on the part of the Profintern between 1930 and 1931. The movement's internal contradictions resulted in a polyvalent, ambiguous, and non-linear trade union policy formed through the clash of and negotiations between local activists’ conservative notions of gendered work and family roles and the radical gender program of international communism.

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Renegotiating Skills, Wages, and the Right to Work: On the Gender of Labor Activism around Rationalization in the Bulgarian Tobacco Industry in the Early 1930s

Masheva

2024

Inter. Labor Working-Class Hist.

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German economic power in Southeastern Europe: The case of Reemtsma and the Greek tobacco merchants (1923-1939)

Abstract: History (vol. 64, issue 3), published by Taylor & Francis. This copy is intended for its deposit in a non-commercial institutional repository. For more information about the intellectual property rights related to the article, please contact the publisher.

Cited by 1 publication

References 18 publications

Renegotiating Skills, Wages, and the Right to Work: On the Gender of Labor Activism around Rationalization in the Bulgarian Tobacco Industry in the Early 1930s

Renegotiating Skills, Wages, and the Right to Work: On the Gender of Labor Activism around Rationalization in the Bulgarian Tobacco Industry in the Early 1930s

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