Germ-Free Mice Model for Studying Host–Microbial Interactions

Bhattarai, Yogesh; Kashyap, Purna C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3661-8_8

Cited by 58 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…All mice used were the C57BL/6 genotype and were received at 6–8 weeks of age. Male germ-free mice were bred and maintained in the germ-free facility at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) [ 42 ]. Female altered Schaedler flora (ASF) mice were purchased from Taconic Laboratories (Hudson, NY, USA), housed in autoclaved cages, and were fed irradiated, 18% protein (2918) chow.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable engraftment of human microbiota into mice with a single oral gavage following antibiotic conditioning

et al. 2017

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BackgroundHuman microbiota-associated (HMA) animal models relying on germ-free recipient mice are being used to study the relationship between intestinal microbiota and human disease. However, transfer of microbiota into germ-free animals also triggers global developmental changes in the recipient intestine, which can mask disease-specific attributes of the donor material. Therefore, a simple model of replacing microbiota into a developmentally mature intestinal environment remains highly desirable.ResultsHere we report on the development of a sequential, three-course antibiotic conditioning regimen that allows sustained engraftment of intestinal microorganisms following a single oral gavage with human donor microbiota. SourceTracker, a Bayesian, OTU-based algorithm, indicated that 59.3 ± 3.0% of the fecal bacterial communities in treated mice were attributable to the donor source. This overall degree of microbiota engraftment was similar in mice conditioned with antibiotics and germ-free mice. Limited surveys of systemic and mucosal immune sites did not show evidence of immune activation following introduction of human microbiota.ConclusionsThe antibiotic treatment protocol described here followed by a single gavage of human microbiota may provide a useful, complimentary HMA model to that established in germ-free facilities. The model has the potential for further in-depth translational investigations of microbiota in a variety of human disease states.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0306-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable engraftment of human microbiota into mice with a single oral gavage following antibiotic conditioning

et al. 2017

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“…Similar to gut bacteria, the gut mycobiome contributes to physiological functions and homeostasis throughout a host’s lifetime. The effect of the whole microbiome on host health is highlighted by disruptions observed in germ-free mice models [ 39 ]. Here we summarize both experimental and clinical data focusing on mycobiome interactions that may be involved in mycobiome-GBA communication through immune and non-immune mediated crosstalk systems, similar to those described in the microbiome-GBA [ 40 ].…”

Section: Mycobiome Interactions Within the Gut Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mycobiome: A Neglected Component in the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

et al. 2018

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In recent years, the gut microbiota has been considered as a full-fledged actor of the gut–brain axis, making it possible to take a new step in understanding the pathophysiology of both neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, most of the studies have been devoted to gut bacterial microbiota, forgetting the non-negligible fungal flora. In this review, we expose how the role of the fungal component in the microbiota-gut-brain axis is legitimate, through its interactions with both the host, especially with the immune system, and the gut bacteria. We also discuss published data that already attest to a role of the mycobiome in the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and the impact of fungi on clinical and therapeutic research.

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“…However, the different functions of these enterotypes on host and substance metabolism need further study. Germ-free mice are a tool used for studying the function of gut microbiota 12 . However, Xiao et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into the stability and culturability of Chinese enterotypes

Yin¹,

Fan

Liu³

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Although many gut microbial enterotypes have been reported in Europe, Africa and the U.S., their effects on human health are still not yet clear. Culturing gut microbial enterotypes in vitro will be helpful to study their effects and applications. Here, fecal samples from 13 healthy Chinese volunteers were collected and subjected to next-generation sequencing. The results showed that seven of these samples belong to the Bacteroides enterotype and another six to the Prevotella enterotype. Stability of these Chinese gut microbial enterotypes was also evaluated. Results showed that most of the tested volunteer gut microbiota to be very stable. For one volunteer, the bacterial community returned to the state it was in before intestinal lavage and antibiotics treatment after four months. XP medium was found effective for simulating the Bacteroides enterotype independent of the original gut microbial community in an in vitro chemostat culture system. Although, the Prevotella enterotype was not very well simulated in vitro, different culture elements selectively enriched different gut bacteria. Pectin and xylan were found to be related to the enrichment of the genera Bacteroides, Sutterella, and Flavonifractor in this chemostat culture system.

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Germ-Free Mice Model for Studying Host–Microbial Interactions

Cited by 58 publications

References 60 publications

Stable engraftment of human microbiota into mice with a single oral gavage following antibiotic conditioning

Stable engraftment of human microbiota into mice with a single oral gavage following antibiotic conditioning

The Mycobiome: A Neglected Component in the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Investigation into the stability and culturability of Chinese enterotypes

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