Gerbilline Cholesteatoma Development. Part II: Temporal Histopathologic Changes in the Tympanic Membrane and Middle Ear

Tinling, Steven P.; Chole, Richard A.

doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2005.12.024

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In this study, we observed that the incidence of cholesteatoma in Mongolian gerbils after EAC obliteration was significantly higher than that observed after AT cauterization, which in turn was significantly higher than the spontaneous occurrence of the disease in the control group (100%, 52.9% and 16.7%, respectively, p < 0.0001), as previously reported in the literature. 9 , 10 , 11 Remembering that Tinling and Chole 11 reported a 13% incidence of spontaneous cholesteatoma in these animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Currently, it is well established that spontaneous aural cholesteatoma in Mongolian gerbils is similar to that induced by obliteration of their External Auditory Canal (EAC). 9 , 10 , 11 However, this model of induction does not reproduce the mechanism of TM invagination initially described by Bezold 3 and considered by many authors as the best explanation for the pathophysiology of cholesteatoma in humans. To simulate this condition in gerbils, Wolfman and Chole 12 developed the cauterization model of the Auditory Tube (AT), where they observed the occurrence of pars flaccida retraction and cholesteatoma formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…We used previously reported incidence of cholesteatoma in the different groups studied 10 , 11 , 12 and a statistical power of 80% with an alpha error of 0.05, to calculate that the smallest sample size of this study should be 31 ears. To evaluate cholesteatoma formation over time, we decided to allocate at least 4 ears per group for each follow-up period, resulting in a minimum of 16 ears per group (total of 24 animals).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental cholesteatoma: a comparison between spontaneous and induced models

Huve

Bauer

Selaimen

et al. 2023

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental cholesteatoma: a comparison between spontaneous and induced models

Huve

Bauer

Selaimen

et al. 2023

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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“…These cholesteatomas can be described as beginning with an inflammatory process near the pars flaccida that eventually blocks the entrance of the ear canal leading to an accumulation of keratin and an enlarging ear canal(12, 29). As cholesteatoma development can be accelerated by simple ligation of the ear canal(13), we were able to develop a model employing canal cholesteatomas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of Specific Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Factors Does Not Alter Virulence in Infected Cholesteatomas

Chole

Gagnon²,

Vogel³

2014

Otology &Amp; Neurotology

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Hypothesis When experimental cholesteatomas are infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) mutants lacking factors associated with the formation of biofilms, host defenses are more effective against these strains when compared to wild type strains (PAO1 and OPPA8) in preventing tissue destruction. Background Prior studies have identified biofilms within chronically infected aural cholesteatomas. These infected cholesteatomas are associated with increased tissue destruction. Since biofilms are highly resistant to host defenses leading to prolonged infection, we propose that the biofilm phenotype of P. aeruginosa may be a virulence factor leading to persistence of infection and increased tissue destruction. Methods Aural cholesteatomas were induced in Mongolian gerbils. At the time of induction, the ear canals were inoculated with wild type (PAO1 and OPPA8) and biofilm deficient (PAO1 ΔpilA, PAO1 algD::aacC1 and PAO1 galU::aacC1) strains of P. aeruginosa. After eight weeks, the size of the cholesteatomas and levels of bone destruction and deposition were measured using microCT scanning and double fluorochrome bone labeling. Result Infected cholesteatomas resulted in increased growth, bone destruction and bone deposition when compared to vehicle only controls. We observed no differences between the wild type (biofilm forming) and the biofilm deficient strains of P. aeruginosa. Conclusion Our hypothesis that biofilm formation is a virulence factor in cholesteatomas infected with P. aeruginosa was not supported. A number of interpretations of this data are reasonable. It is possible that biofilms are not critical in infected cholesteatomas. Alternatively, the mutants that are deficient in generating biofilms in vitro, may be able to form effective biofilms in vivo using alternative pathways.

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“…It has previously been demonstrated that, with experimental obliteration of the external auditory canal or eustachian tube (ET), cholesteatoma can be induced in these animals, with characteristics very similar to those that occur spontaneously. 10 11 12 13 14 The obliteration of the external auditory canal has been used more frequently in prior studies, since this technique allows the development of cholesteatoma in almost all the animals that undergo the procedure. 10 15 Although this model has provided us added knowledge of cholesteatoma in general, the pathogenesis involved in the formation of cholesteatoma when this technique is used appears to differ from that observed in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mongolian Gerbils as a Model for the Study of Cholesteatoma: Otoendoscopic as a Diagnostic Tool

Bauer

Huve

Goldraich

et al. 2022

Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Introduction Cholesteatoma is a disease with significant clinical impact but is incompletely understood. The challenge of performing studies with long-term follow-up in humans is a factor that has restricted the advance of knowledge in this field. Thus, the use of animal models is highly pertinent, and the Mongolian gerbil model has emerged as one of the most useful. Objective The present study aims to evaluate, through serial otoendoscopies, the development and characteristics of pars flaccida retraction pocket and cholesteatoma in Mongolian gerbils after obliteration of the eustachian tube and compare it with the control group. Methods Forty Mongolian gerbils were divided into two groups of 20 animals each. In the intervention group, the animals were followed with serial otoendoscopies after eustachian tube obliteration. In the control group, the animals were only followed through serial otoendoscopies. Results At the end of the 16-week follow-up, cholesteatoma was present in 13 of 38 (34.2%) ears in the intervention group, and in 7 of 34 (20.6%) in the control group (p = 0.197). When we considered cholesteatoma and its potential precursor, pars flaccida retraction pocket, in a combined way, we verified it in 23 of 38 (60.8%) in the intervention group and in 11 of 34 (32.3%) in the control group (p = 0.016). Conclusions Over the 16 weeks of follow-up, serial otoendoscopies enabled us to evaluate the formation and development of pars flaccida retraction pockets and cholesteatomas in Mongolian gerbils and proved to be an excellent diagnostic tool.

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Gerbilline Cholesteatoma Development. Part II: Temporal Histopathologic Changes in the Tympanic Membrane and Middle Ear

Abstract: Inflammatory insult and alteration of the epithelial clearance mechanism appears to result in spontaneous cholesteatoma formation in gerbils as hypothesized for humans.

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Experimental cholesteatoma: a comparison between spontaneous and induced models

Experimental cholesteatoma: a comparison between spontaneous and induced models

Inactivation of Specific Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Factors Does Not Alter Virulence in Infected Cholesteatomas

Mongolian Gerbils as a Model for the Study of Cholesteatoma: Otoendoscopic as a Diagnostic Tool

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