The Ghost of Clytemnestra is the first afterlife figure in extant Greek literature to call for vengeance instead of ritual burial. She goads the Erinyes to kill Orestes in order to rectify the wrongs she has suffered. Yet the living Clytemnestra has already proven manipulative, politically usurping, and murderous; her Ghost attacks her own son. Further, the Ghost's lack of substance (as eido\ lon, psyche\ , or onar) distances her from the living world. On what ethical grounds, then, does the Ghost base her claims? How can a character so far beyond the boundaries of societal norms demand serious ethical consideration? I. INTRODUCTION: CLYTEMNESTRA'S REAPPEARANCE AND ETHICAL APPEALS At the end of the Choephoroi Orestes kills his mother, Clytemnestra, and displays her corpse to humans, gods, and the theatrical audience as proof of his just vengeance (Ch. 973-1006). In an eerie reversal at the start of the Eumenides, Clytemnestra reappears onstage, bearing the wounds of her murder, to demand vengeance against Orestes. Like the living queen, the Ghost of Clytemnestra marshals rhetoric to effect action in the world, rousing the sleeping Erinyes as her proxies by reciting a multitude of wrongs concerning her dishonor and suffering (Eu. 94-139). 1 The Ghost