“…GV and VA collectively help in cooperation and interaction between different entities of the smart city and provide various services that help in better customers' experiences and growth prospects (Stratigea et al, 2015, Hashem et al, 2016. GV and VA together have a predominant potential for many social applications like disaster response, disease surveillance, climate change, weather monitoring and forecasting, infrastructure management, transportation and navigation, in the smart city (Cook et al, 1997, Arentze and Timmermans, 2000, Urban et al, 2009, Hlawatsch et al, 2011, MacEachren and Kraak, 2011, Hlawatsch et al, 2011, Andrienko et al, 2016, Castermans et al, 2016, Wendel, 2016. Thus, there is a need for research on effective solutions and planning of smart cities to become smarter, taking into account the resources that are available and capable of innovation (Osmanoğlu et al, 2016, Toth and Jóźków, 2016, Zhou and Weiskopf, 2017.…”