Geothermal Systems—An Overview

Sowiżdżał, Anna

doi:10.3390/en15176377

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Geothermal energy is considered the most promising form of renewable energy because it is clean, stable and sustainable [1][2][3]. It is gradually believed that geothermal energy can contribute to the realization of a carbon-neutral society [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, due to the serious problem of water loss in water-based enhanced geothermal systems (e.g., water-EGSs) [10], carbon dioxide-based enhanced geothermal systems (e.g., CO 2 -EGSs) have become an attractive option [11][12][13]. Obviously, CO 2 -EGSs have four advantages compared to water-EGSs: (1) the lower effect of scale precipitation induced by the water-rock reaction [14]; (2) the thermosiphon effect, which reduces external consumption [15]; (3) the environmental benefits related to CO 2 geological sequestration [16]; and (4) the higher mass flow rate and lower flow impedance due to the higher flow mobility (e.g., low viscosity and density) of CO 2 [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On this basis, the heat production efficiency of the CO 2 -EGS is evaluated using a fixed wellhead pressure. The main targets are to (1) predict the heat production potential from the heterogeneous EGS reservoir, and (2) analyze the complex fluid flow and heat exchange processes in the geothermal reservoir and borehole during heat recovery. In addition, the results presented in this work give a theoretical guide for CO 2 -EGS design in the Gonghe Basin and other geothermal fields with similar reservoir conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat Production Performance from an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) Using CO2 as the Working Fluid

Zhao,

Yuan,

Jing

et al. 2023

Energies

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CO2-based enhanced geothermal systems (CO2-EGS) are greatly attractive in geothermal energy production due to their high flow rates and the additional benefit of CO2 geological storage. In this work, a CO2-EGS model is built based on the available geological data in the Gonghe Basin, Northwest China. In our model, the wellbore flow is considered and coupled with a geothermal reservoir to better simulate the complex CO2 flow and heat production behavior. Based on the fractured geothermal reservoir at depths between 2900 m and 3300 m, the long-term (30-year) heat production performance is predicted using CO2 as the working fluid with fixed wellhead pressure. The results indicate that the proposed CO2-EGS will obtain an ascending heat extraction rate in the first 9 years, followed by a slight decrease in the following 21 years. Due to the significant natural convection of CO2 (e.g., low viscosity and density) in the geothermal reservoir, the mass production rate of the CO2-EGS will reach 150 kg/s. The heat extraction rates will be greater than 32 MW throughout the 30-year production period, showing a significant production performance. However, the Joule–Thomson effect in the wellbore will result in a drastic decrease in production temperature (e.g., a 62.6 °C decrease in the production well). This means that the pre-optimization analyses and physical material treatments are required during geothermal production using CO2 as the working fluid.

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