Geothermal energy technology and current status: an overview

Barbier, Enrico

doi:10.1016/s1364-0321(02)00002-3

Cited by 939 publications

(368 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…(e) The first law efficiency of the DKGPP is determined to be 11.98%. By comparison, the efficiency of generation of electricity from geothermal steam is generally in the range of 10 to 17% [4]. (f) Only 10-12% of the brine extracted from the ground turns into steam after the separation process, while the remainder (88-90%) has been discharged to the Menderes river at an average temperature of 147°C and a total flow rate of 277.7 kg/s since 1984.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geothermal energy, is to some extent, a renewable energy source, since a geothermal resource usually has a projected life of 30-50 years. The life of a resource may be prolonged by a reinjection process, which may compensate for at least part of the fluid extracted by production [2][3][4]. Table 1 illustrates installed geothermal generating capacities in the top 10 countries and Turkey between 1995 and 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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04/01396 Overview of Kizildere Geothermal Power Plant in Turkey

2004

Fuel and Energy Abstracts

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Achieving sustainable development is a target that is now widely seen as important in worldwide public opinion. In this context, the utilization of renewable energy resources such as solar, geothermal and wind energy appears to be one of the most efficient and effective ways of achieving this target. Recently, power generation from geothermal energy has become of big importance in Turkey, which is located on the Mediterranean sector of the Alpine-Himalayan Tectonic Belt and is among the first seven countries in abundance of geothermal resources around the world. The main objective in doing the present study is twofold, namely: (a) to investigate TurkeyÕs geothermal energy potential for power generation and (b) to overview the Denizli-Kizildere geothermal power plant (DKGPP) with an installed capacity of 20.4 MW e , which is at present the only operating geothermal power plant of Turkey. Based on the drilling data, which have been gathered to date, TurkeyÕs geothermal energy potential for power generation is determined to be 764.81 MW e . Electricity generation projections of Turkey are also 500 MW e from Germencik, Kizildere, Tuzla and several of the other fields by the year 2010 and 1000 MW e by 2020. The Denizli-Kizildere geothermal field has an estimated capacity of 200 MW e . The DKGPP was put into operation in 1984 and has been operated since then. It produced an electrical energy of 89,597 MWh in 2001, representing an electric power of 10.6 MW e in the same year. Present applications have shown that in Turkey, geothermal energy is a promising alternative and can make a significant contribution towards reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. As the public recognizes the projects, the progress will continue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

04/01396 Overview of Kizildere Geothermal Power Plant in Turkey

2004

Fuel and Energy Abstracts

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“…These techniques are based on several surveys which collect data to estimate temperature, reservoir volume and permeability at various depths, as well as to predict whether wells will produce steam or just hot water (Barbier, 2002). studies (Meju, 2002).…”

Section: Geothermal Exploration Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods and tools to evaluate the availability of renewable energy sources

Angelis-Dimakis

Biberacher

Bravo

et al. 2011

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

351

132

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The recent statements of both the European Union and the US Presidency pushed in the direction of using renewable forms of energy, in order to act against climate changes induced by the growing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. In this paper, a survey regarding methods and tools presently available to determine potential and exploitable energy in the most important renewable sectors (i.e., solar, wind, wave, biomass and geothermal energy) is presented. Moreover, challenges for each renewable resource are highlighted as well as the available tools that can help in evaluating the use of a mix of different sources.

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“…Typical heat sources for the Organic Rankine Cycle include solar, geothermal, biomass and industrial waste heat [4]. These heat sources have temperatures ranging from 80 • C for solar ponds, to over 500 • C for high-grade industrial waste heat [4], of which most exist at temperatures between 100 • C and 300 • C [5,6]. generation of a dynamic cycle compared to a conventional one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of an Organic Rankine Cycle with Adjustable Working Fluid Composition, a Volumetric Expander and a Recuperator

Collings

2017

Energies

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Conventional Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs) using ambient air as their coolant cannot fully utilize the greater temperature differential available to them during the colder months. However, changing the working fluid composition so its boiling temperature matches the ambient temperature as it changes has been shown to have potential to increase year-round electricity generation. Previous research has assumed that the cycle pressure ratio is able to vary without a major loss in the isentropic efficiency of the turbine. This paper investigates if small scale ORC systems that normally use positive-displacement expanders with fixed expansion ratios could also benefit from this new concept. A numerical model was firstly established, based on which a comprehensive analysis was then conducted. The results showed that it can be applied to systems with positive-displacement expanders and improve their year-round electricity generation. However, such an improvement is less than that of the systems using turbine expanders with variable expansion ratios. Furthermore, such an improvement relies on heat recovery via the recuperator. This is because expanders with a fixed expansion ratio have a relatively constant pressure ratio between their inlet and outlet. The increase of pressure ratio between the evaporator and condenser by tuning the condensing temperature to match colder ambient condition in winter cannot be utilised by such expanders. However, with the recuperator in place, the higher discharging temperature of the expander could increase the heat recovery and consequently reduce the heat input at the evaporator, increasing the thermal efficiency and the specific power. The higher the amount of heat energy transferred in the recuperator, the higher the efficiency improvement.

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Geothermal energy technology and current status: an overview

Cited by 939 publications

References 26 publications

04/01396 Overview of Kizildere Geothermal Power Plant in Turkey

04/01396 Overview of Kizildere Geothermal Power Plant in Turkey

Methods and tools to evaluate the availability of renewable energy sources

Numerical Analysis of an Organic Rankine Cycle with Adjustable Working Fluid Composition, a Volumetric Expander and a Recuperator

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