Geothermal energy development by circulating CO2 in a U-shaped closed loop geothermal system

Sun, Fengrui; Yao, Yuedong; Li, Guozhen; Li, Xiangfang

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2018.08.094

Cited by 147 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Nekså proposed that CO 2 is highly suitable for application of building heating . It has been used in a variety of applications like fire extinguisher, lasers, refrigeration, supercritical drying, domestic hot water, solar water heating, mobile air conditioning (MAC) and heating for vehicles, CO 2 heat pump with Phase Change Materials, and geothermal heat transfer fluid, and so on. Gullo et al investigated the efficiency of R404A and R744 systems.…”

Section: History Of Refrigerantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

2019

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Summary Refrigerants bearing high global warming potential (GWP) and ozone depletion potential (ODP) were outlawed or facing time‐beared permission under the Montreal (1987), Kyoto (1997) protocols, F‐Gas law (2015), Paris Accord (2016), and recent Kigali Amendment to Montreal Protocol (2019). In order to modify followed by the paradigm shift of existing heating and cooling systems, American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air‐Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) envisaged natural and synthetic refrigerants (Synrefs) are under investigation globally. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a popular natural refrigerant (Natref) replacing Synrefs used in commercial heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems globally. A rampant rise is observed in markets of Asia (Japan and China), North America (the United States and Canada), the Australian continent, and Africa (South Africa) by reaching 20 000 CO2‐stores around the globe. The European markets are leading the utilization of CO2 in the heat pump, and refrigeration, CO2 based markets estimate 14% of the total food retail stores (400 m2). Japan is the second leading market of CO2 heat pump and refrigeration with more than 10 200 CO2 condensing units. CO2 transcritical systems have a share of more than 10% in only European market (large stores); however, their share is less than 10% of total stores in other major markets of the world. New pump and compressor‐driven transcritical CO2 systems integrate ejectors, condensers, and booster systems to reduce energy consumptions, enhance efficiency, efficacy, and coefficient of performance. This article reports a critical review of the CO2 based heating, cooling, and refrigeration system and presents updated literature along with barriers and challenges on commercial use of Natref‐based heating and cooling applications worldwide.

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Section: History Of Refrigerantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

2019

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“…The temperature sensor, electronically controlled fuel injector, and exhaust gas analyzer are controlled by electronic control unit, and they operate interactively to adjust the amount of fuel depending on the time and to stabilize the combustion temperatures and thus the formation of NO x emissions. A comprehensive computational performance investigation has been carried out to investigate the variations of performance specifications depending on the variations of engine design and operating parameters by a finite‐time thermodynamics modeling . In the simulation, the performance parameters at the standard condition are determined as in Table .…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comprehensive computational performance investigation has been carried out to investigate the variations of performance specifications depending on the variations of engine design and operating parameters by a finite-time thermodynamics modeling. [68][69][70][71] In the simulation, the performance parameters at the standard condition are determined as in Table 1. The EFP (P ef ) and EFPD (P d ) are obtained as below 29,30,[72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85] :…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of a novel eco‐friendly internal combustion engine cycle

Gonca

Şahi̇n

2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary The Miller cycle applications have been performed to diminish NOx released from internal combustion engines (ICEs), in recent years. The Miller cycle provides decreased compression ratio and enhanced expansion ratio; hereby, maximum in‐cylinder combustion temperatures diminish, and NOx formations slow down remarkably. Another less‐known method is Takemura cycle application, which provides heat addition into engine cylinder at constant combustion temperatures. In this study, a novel cycle including the Miller cycle and the Takemura cycle has been developed by using novel numerical models and computing methods with seven processes and a novel way to decrease NOx emissions at higher levels compared with the single applications of known cycles. A comprehensive performance examination of the proposed cycle engine in terms of performance characteristics such as effective power (EFP), effective power density (EFPD), exergy destruction (X), exergy efficiency (ε), and ecological coefficient of performance (ECOP) has been conducted. The impacts of engine operating and design parameters on the performance characteristics have been computationally examined. Furthermore, irreversibilities depending on incomplete combustion loss (INCL), exhaust output loss (EXOL), heat transfer loss (HTRL), and friction loss (FRL) have been considered in the performance simulations. The minimum exergy destruction and maximum performance specifications have been observed with 30 of the compression ratio. Maximum effective power values have been obtained at range between 1 and 1.2 of equivalence ratio. The optimum range for exergy efficiency is between 0.8 and 1 of equivalence ratio. Increasing engine speed has provided enhancing effective power. However, an optimum range has been found for the exergy efficiency that is interval of 3000 to 4000 rpm. The results obtained can be assessed by researchers studying on modeling of the engine systems and designs.

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“…Based on thermodynamic principles, the enthalpy gradient, the second term in Equation , can be written as

\frac{d h_{i}}{dl} = (h_{si} - h_{wi}) \frac{d x_{i}}{dl} + (\frac{d h_{si}}{dp} - \frac{d h_{wi}}{dp}) \frac{d p_{i}}{dl} x_{i} + \frac{d h_{wi}}{dp} \frac{d p_{i}}{dl},

where h s i and h w i are the specific enthalpy of dry steam and the specific enthalpy of saturated water at the outlet of the i ‐th segment, respectively; x i is the steam quality at the outlet of the i ‐th segment.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the principle of equivalent percolation resistance and the above formation heating model, the oil production rate and the water production rate can be expressed as

Q_{normalo} = {false\sum}_{i = 1}^{N} J_{normalo i} ({\overset{p}{true}}_{i} - p_{normalwf}) = {false\sum}_{i = 1}^{N} \frac{1}{R_{1 i}^{false(normalo false)} + R_{2 i}^{false(normalo false)}} ({\overset{p}{true}}_{i} - p_{normalwf}),

Q_{normalw} = {false\sum}_{i = 1}^{N} J_{wi} ({\overset{p}{true}}_{i} - p_{normalwf}) = {false\sum}_{i = 1}^{N} \frac{1}{R_{1 i}^{false(normalw false)} + R_{2 i}^{false(normalw false)}} ({\overset{p}{true}}_{i} - p_{normalwf}),

where Q o and Q w are oil production rate and water production rate, respectively; J o i and J w i are the oil productivity index and water productivity index of the i ‐th segment, respectively;

{\bar{p}}_{i}

is the average pressure of the i ‐th segment; p wf is the bottom‐hole flow pressure;

R_{1 i}^{false(normalo false)}

and

R_{2 i}^{false(normalo false)}

are the linear flow resistance and radial flow resistance of oil phase, respectively;

R_{1 i}^{false(normalw false)}

and

R_{2 i}^{false(normalw false)}

are the linear flow resistance and radial flow resistance of water phase, respectively.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated model for productivity prediction of cyclic steam stimulation with horizontal well

Fan

et al. 2019

Energy Science & Engineering

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As the accurate productivity prediction of cyclic steam stimulation with horizontal well (CSSHW) is essential for its effective utilization in heavy oil reservoirs, a novel integrated model for predicting productivity of CSSHW was proposed in this paper. Firstly, governing equations to predict thermophysical parameters of injected steam in the horizontal well were established. On the basis, the heating model for radius of hot fluid zone and steam zone were derived respectively according to a more realistic temperature distribution of formation. Then, coupled with heating model, the productivity prediction model was established according to the principle of equivalent percolation resistance. Then, comparisons have been made among the new model results, CMG STARS results, and measured data to verify its accuracy. Finally, after the new proposed model is validated, the effects of steam quality and injection rate on heating radius and oil production were analyzed in detail. The results indicate that the result of new model is in good agreement with that of CMG STARS and measured data, verifying the correctness of the model. In addition, the radius of hot fluid zone and steam zone both decreases with horizontal well length because of the heat losses as the steam flows along the horizontal wellbore. Influential factor analysis shows that high steam quality and steam injection rate can improve heating radius and cumulative oil production.

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Geothermal energy development by circulating CO2 in a U-shaped closed loop geothermal system

Cited by 147 publications

References 107 publications

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

Performance analysis of a novel eco‐friendly internal combustion engine cycle

An integrated model for productivity prediction of cyclic steam stimulation with horizontal well

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Geothermal energy development by circulating CO2 in a U-shaped closed loop geothermal system

Cited by 147 publications

References 107 publications

Review of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

Review of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

Performance analysis of a novel eco‐friendly internal combustion engine cycle

An integrated model for productivity prediction of cyclic steam stimulation with horizontal well

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook

Review of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) based heating and cooling technologies: Past, present, and future outlook