Geothermal energy assessment through the Curie point depth, geothermal gradient, and heat flow around the Akiri hot spring region in Central Nigeria

Ejiga, Eko Gerald; Yusoff, Ismail; Ismail, Noer El Hidayah; Kumar, Raj

doi:10.1007/s12665-022-10236-9

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The depth values for the shallow magnetic source, Z2 ranges from 0.174 km to 0.685 km with an average of 0.38 km. It can be observed that the topography of the surface of Z2 is undulating (Figure 4) and most likely have been affected by the serious of intrusive volcanic activities documented to have taken place within the MBT [6,7,17,18]. Table 1: Average depth (km) to magnetic sources across the study area computed from spectral analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Exploration Within Shallow Depths Around Distinct Litho-Petrological Contact Zones

Ejiga,

Nur,

Izuwa

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The world’s increasing demand for freshwater has put a strain on existing reserves in recent years, necessitating further exploration of new groundwater reserves. However, geologic provinces located within the contact boundary of Sedimentary Basin-Basement Complex region are somewhat faced with the problem of shallow sediment thickness. As a result, exploring for groundwater poses a challenge as the sediment thickness might be insufficient to host productive aquifers. Hence, exploring for faults and fractures zones that are embedded on the hard rock underneath the sediment is very essential and complimentary. In this study, high resolution aeromagnetic data over a litho-petrological contact zone of the Middle Benue Trough (MBT) and the Adamawa Massif were analyzed to delineate groundwater exploration areas using a simplified qualitative and quantitative approach. Visual inspection of isolated and aggregate anomalies is performed by analyzing their shapes, dimensions, lateral extents, and discontinuities. Lineaments were then extracted from the residual magnetic map to determine faults, fractures, and joints. A two-source-depth model is indicated by the Spectral Analysis technique used to determine the thickness of the sediments in the area. The deeper source (Z1) has a thickness of 0.9 - 3.6 km, while the shallow source (Z2) has a thickness of 0.1 - 0.8 km. While in some areas the overburden thickness may be sufficient for groundwater exploration, in others it was not, as indicated by the shallow magnetic depth, Z2. Nonetheless, areas of shallow thickness but with aggregates of faults, fractures, and joints were identified as possible locations for groundwater accumulation through magnetic lineament exploration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Exploration Within Shallow Depths Around Distinct Litho-Petrological Contact Zones

Ejiga,

Nur,

Izuwa

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…So, heat management is a crucial issue. However, if the heat is effectively exploited could address the energy needs of Nigeria to a large extent [3]. temperature of the fluid, temperature difference between the fluid and the geothermal temperature of the surrounding formation, the insulations used and the depth of the reservoir.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heat transfer analysis encompasses operations such as drilling, completion, injection, and production. Geothermal system evaluations involve site exploration and resources assessment [3], extraction of the heat and conversion of heat energy to electrical energy. Proper understanding of heat flow which enables accurate estimation of heat production is necessary to maximize heat extraction from the reservoir.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Wellbore Heat Transfer in Geothermal Production Well

Izuwa,

Okereke,

Nwanwe

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Electricity supply in Nigeria has been insufficient to aid development. It has also been observed that fossil fuels that supply energy has not been friendly to the environment, as a result an alternative energy source is needed. Geothermal energy has come to fill this gap. This work modelled wellbore heat transfer in geothermal wells and investigated the best heat mining fluid that will conserve heat during heat transfer at the wellbore during heat production. This work employed the mechanisms that greenhouse gases use to absorb heat from the sun and retain it to warm the earth. Simulation of heat extraction capability of steam and CO2 were studied. It was observed at reservoir conditions (248 °F) that steam Mass heat capacity (2.433 KJ/kg °F) is higher than that of CO2 (1.088 KJ/kg °F). At 204. 8 °F mass heat capacity of CO2 is 1.1915KJ/kg OF and that of steam is 2.4058 KJ/kg °F. This implies that steam retains more heat than CO2. From the study at wellbore fluid temperature of 276.8 °F, and at a flow rate of 1300 lb/hr, the wellbore heat transfer from steam (0.158 mmbtu/day) is slightly higher than that of CO2 (0.105 mmbtu/day). CO2 conserves more heat than steam when used as a heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer capabilities of the mining fluids determine the production capability of the heat resources and the quantity of electricity generation. The study recommended CO2 deployment as heat mining fluid in the exploitation of heat in geothermal resources in Nigeria. This will reduce the greenhouse effect of CO2 in our environment while also encouraging rapid development and economic growth, more especially with the rising cost of energy from fossil. Availability of geothermal energy will increase the supply of electricity in Nigeria.

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“…Semi-oval structures in the south and southeast (Figure 7) of the investigated area reveal zones of high GG and heat-flow. Previous studies have generally stated that CPD and other related parameters are dependent on tectonic events (Ejiga et al, 2022;Lawal and Nwankwo, 2017).…”

Section: Airborne Magnetic Data Have Been Qualitativelymentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraisal of the magnetic and geothermal anomalies of bornu basin northeast nigeria involving aero-magnetic data

Ekwok¹,

Achadu²,

Ugar³

et al. 2023

Glo Jnl Geo Sci

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The Bornu Basin in northeast Nigeria was studied using high-resolution airborne magnetic data with the objective of improving the reliability of mapped magnetic and geothermal anomalies, and depth solutions. Necessary enhancement operations like analytic signal (ASIG), upward continuation, depth assessment methods involving standard Euler deconvolution (SED) and source parameter imaging (SPI) as well as spectral analysis applying the centroid technique were applied. The middle and southern parts are dominated by high frequency anomalies as revealed by the ASIG map. Furthermore, the magnetic data, when upward continued to 5 km, revealed avalanche of deeply buried igneous intrusions that created near-surface magnetic sources and geologic structures. Maximum thicknesses of sedimentary series estimated from SED and SPI, are respectively ~5974.7 and ~5885.3 m. These values correlate correlated relatively well with depth to the top boundary (Zt) of ~6550 m obtained from the centroid technique. These depth estimates reveal sequence of thick sediments overlying igneous intrusions and falls under the prospective geothermal anomaly zones characterised by high geothermal gradient (GG) (>55 °C/km) and heat flow (HF) (>130 mW/m2) values. Areas characterised by high geothermal anomalies correspond to igneous intrusion-dominated shallow Curie point depths (CPD or Zb).

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Geothermal energy assessment through the Curie point depth, geothermal gradient, and heat flow around the Akiri hot spring region in Central Nigeria

Cited by 12 publications

References 61 publications

Groundwater Exploration Within Shallow Depths Around Distinct Litho-Petrological Contact Zones

Groundwater Exploration Within Shallow Depths Around Distinct Litho-Petrological Contact Zones

Modeling of Wellbore Heat Transfer in Geothermal Production Well

Appraisal of the magnetic and geothermal anomalies of bornu basin northeast nigeria involving aero-magnetic data

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