Remote sensing techniques consist of relevant indicators in the analysis and monitoring of the behavior of environmental areas, which can influence public health and natural resources. The most relevant indicators in the vegetative and water analysis are the biophysical indices. Thus, the objective of this work is to analyze the area of the hydrographic basin of small inland rivers 4, in the sub-middle region of the São Francisco river, in the state of Pernambuco, for the years 2000 and 2019, applying the processing of biophysical indices. Images of the area, obtained by the satellite TM Landsat 5 for the date 09/24/2000 and OLI Landsat 8 for the date 09/13/2019, were used. Image processing was performed using GRASS and QGIS software. It was evidenced that the SAVI and the IAF indicated vegetation with greater water stress in 2000 than in 2019, corroborating the rainfall at that time. The NDWI and NDBI results also showed a greater predominance of exposed soil areas for the year 2000 compared to the year 2019. The year 2000 had lower surface temperature values than the year 2019. It is noted that the year 2019 presents a response of greater density of vegetation than the year 2000, with greater water input in the vegetation cover.